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Essay Subject:
Contends the country has a diffused foreign policy program.... More...
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Paper Abstract:
Contends the country has a diffused foreign policy program. Involvement in geopolitical affairs. Attitude regarding the European Union (EU) and the euro. Support of the anti-terrorist program of the U.S. Stance on Middle-East crisis; pro-Israeli and proactive Palestinian. Italy's commercial ties to Iran and Libya. Italy's contentious multi-party political system.
Paper Introduction:
Italy’s Foreign Policy and Concerns
Italy’s foreign policy in recent months has consisted of a set of seemingly contradictory positions regarding her involvement in geopolitical affairs. On the one hand, Italy seems to be skeptical regarding the European Union and the euro (The Economist 1 46). On the other, Italy’s government under Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi has publicly offered support to the United States in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack and, more recently, to the United Nations vis-ŕ-vis the Middle East crisis (Xinhua News Agency 1 1). It will be argued in this brief essay that Under Berlusconi, Italy’s foreign policy and her concerns represent a diffuse set of initiatives that make it difficult at best to generalize the country’s overarching posture.
The positi
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Works CitedBarone , Michael. As a member of the important G-8, Italy is clearly concerned with itsposition in the burgeoning global economic order (Xinhua News Agency 4 1).It is equally concerned with its position at the United Nations, where itsupports the notion of expanding Security Council membership to provide forgreater participation by members of the global community. 2 2: 1. Though Italy eventually capitulatedregarding the warrant issue, internal dissention remains strong. 2 1 (84): 9-12.A Foreign Minister Goes, But Does Foreign Policy?" The Economist 2. 2 1 (361): 46+."Italy Sticks to Policy of Dialogue With Iraq." Xinhua News Agency 3. In Spring 2 , under Italy's previous government,the country expressed its willingness to participate in a multinationalUnited nations peacekeeping force in Lebanon following the anticipatedIsraeli withdrawal in July of that year (United Press International 1). 3 May 2 : 1. In recent months, despite Berlusconi's personal feelingsregarding America - and he is apparently very enamoured of Americanleadership and culture - has continued to seek a dialogue with Iraq.Should the United States pursue its proposed invasion of Iraq, Italy mayfind itself in a difficult position (Xinhua News Agency 3 1). Similarly, the Italian position on international terrorism and apossible war with Iraq is also filled with contradictions. 2 Dec. Italy also facesa flagging economy brought about by a round of privitisation that has notbeen as successful or smooth as hoped (Edmondson 28). She has close ties to Israel, but is seeking to be even-handed withregard to the Palestinians. Middle East Peace Agreement." Xinhua News Agency 1. The position of Italy regarding the Middle East is an excellentexample of this theory. 2 2 (362): 45-6."Italy and Japan Have Assumed the Same Stance." Xinhua News Agency 4. "Italy Backs U.N. 2 2: 28+.Gruber, Ruth Ellen. Asof May, 2 2, Italy was being hailed by Israel as a good place for a MiddleEast peace conference focused on reviving the negotiating process betweenIsrael and Palestine (Xinhua News Agency 2 1). 15 Dec. "Italy Searches for its Soul." The New Leader. It will be argued in thisbrief essay that Under Berlusconi, Italy's foreign policy and her concernsrepresent a diffuse set of initiatives that make it difficult at best togeneralize the country's overarching posture. Only if theUnited States can provide "a convincing case that Iraq is engaged in theproduction of weapons of mass destruction, and that it has the capacity ofprojecting these weapons" will Italy join in a coalition effort - and thenonly if Iraq cannot be brought to a diplomatic resolution of this issue(Barone 27). Immediatelyafter the September 11, 2 1, terrorist attack on the United States, RuthEllen Gruber (9) reported that Berlusconi's political party (Forza Italia)organized a pro-American march and rally in Rome, leading to internalcriticism of the Government from the Left. 8 April 2 2: 27+.Edmondson, Gail. 12 Jan. 2 2: 1. The search has been spurred by a complex set of stimuli...which have laid bare an uncomfortable mix of uncertainty, divisiveness and insecurity in the face of new global challenges. Gruber (47) described thesituation thusly: "Since September 11, and particularly since bombing began in Afghanistan, Italy has been publicly searching for both its national soul and its political standing in the world. Political infighting within Italy is seen as largely responsible forthis problem. Italy appears to support the U.S. Taken together - andconsidered in light of Italy's contentious multi-party political system -Italy has created a set of foreign policy positions that are at timescontradictory. News & World Report. The premier's office issued a statement saying that 'the premier warmly welcomes the resolution which appeals to both sides in the conflict for an immediate ceasefire and asks Israel to withdraw its troops from Ramallah and other Palestinian cities occupied over the past few days'....Berlusconi had sent a message to Palestinian Leader Yasser Arafat expressing 'concern over the latest dramatic developments and the hope for an immediate end to all acts of violence.'"These seemingly contradictory positions - the former suggesting a pro-Israeli stance on the part of Italy and the latter a more proactivePalestinian orientation - suggest that Italy's position on the Middle Eastis not fully defined or fixed. 18 Feb. Some of this stems from a love-hate relationship with America that dates back decades....In recent years, Italy, along with other European countries has been increasingly at odds with the U.S. "Italy for Multinational Force in Lebanon Following Israel's Withdrawal." United Press International. "Europeans for the U.S." U.S. Many Italian political leaders, in discussing the EU, have called forcreation of an acceptable EU constitution before admitting countries fromCentral Europe and before majority voting is extended (The Economist 2 46).There are some fears being expressed in Italy' top political circles that asingle European state - or what will pass for such an entity - may not besufficiently sensitive to the needs and concerns of member states. 29 Mar. Taken together, these examples paint a portrait ofa diffused foreign policy platform. The eager embrace of the euro has become lessenthusiastic over time. On the one hand, Italy seems to be skeptical regarding theEuropean Union and the euro (The Economist 1 46). over Middle-East policy." Italy, according to Gruber (1 ), has strong commercial and economicinterests linked to Iran and Libya, both viewed as "rogue states" byWashington. 2 : 1. "Italy Oddly at Odds with Europe: Charlemagne." The Economist 1. Her friendly ship with Israel has not prevented her In the context of Italy's relationship with the European Union (EU),The Economist (1 46) reported that as 2 1 came to an end, there were somepolitical parties in Italy (many from the Left) that were calling for"opting out" from an EU-wide judicial area that would permit the creationof an EU-wide arrest warrant to be honoured by all member states. LikeSpain, Italy seems to be poised to challenge dictates and plans emanatingin Brussels rather than given blanket approval to those plans. The rapport between Italyand Israel seemed to be strong. "The Cuts Worked, But...." Business Week. Nov.-Dec. However, Xinhua News Agency (1 1) reported that as of March 2 2,Berlusconi expressed "support for a United Nations Security Council resolution on the Middle East crisis which called for withdrawal of Israeli troops from Palestinian cities and called for a ceasefire. The Economist (2 45) noted that Italy withdrew from themultinational (read: pan-European) effort to build the costly A4 Mmilitary Airbus, intended (among other things) to given European forces aheavy-lift aircraft in place of the American ones they could alternativelypurchase ready-made. Italy seems to be straddling a somewhat pointed fence on the issuesof the Middle East. On the other, Italy'sgovernment under Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi has publicly offeredsupport to the United States in the aftermath of the September 11, 2 1,terrorist attack and, more recently, to the United Nations vis-ŕ-vis theMiddle East crisis (Xinhua News Agency 1 1). 3 Mar.
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