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SOCIAL CHANGES OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.
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Discusses the industrial revolution and family structure as the two most significant changes.... More...
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Paper Abstract:
Discusses the industrial revolution and family structure as the two most significant changes. Impact of immigration to the United States. Move from agricultural, rural nation to an industrial, urban society. Unionization. Changes in family relationships. Extended families, to nuclear familes, to single and same-sex households and merged families.
Paper Introduction:
The twentieth century was a century of rapid change and growth. The United States is historically based on the flux of change since it was founded on basic concepts that were fairly new to the governmental scene. Democracy was a radical idea based on the concept of the individual being in charge of his or her own destiny; the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. By the advent of the 20th century, however, the United States was perched on edge of a century that would bring the height of the Industrial Revolution, two world wars, changes in speed of travel and communication, technological advances only conceived of in science fiction stories, as well as changes in societal relationships and stratification. Women would gain the right to vote. African-Americans would gain the right to attend the same schools as white students. The make up of the family
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By the advent of the 2 th century, however, theUnited States was perched on edge of a century that would bring the heightof the Industrial Revolution, two world wars, changes in speed of traveland communication, technological advances only conceived of in sciencefiction stories, as well as changes in societal relationships andstratification. 3). 15). Themake up of the family would go from extended, to nuclear, and back toextended. Because of the rapid change in how materials were produced and howmuch was produced, changes were also taking place in how families wereformed and functioned. In a rural community an extended family helped withchildcare as well as work on the farm to help to produce what was needed tosurvive. 12). Most of theseimmigrants were considered of "inferior" race and there was a fear thatthey would undermine the upstanding WASP society, even though their manualand factory labor was badly needed to further progress in the IndustrialRevolution. Gays and lesbians would speak out on their right to be treatedequally and to be able form family groups and partnerships (Henslin, 1999). Vol. By the beginning of World War I, "two major international garmentworkers' unions, the International Ladies Garment Workers Union (ILGWU) andthe Amalgamated, were both founded. M. The twentieth century was a century of rapid change and growth. (1999). F. "Then, as now, xenophobes worried about minorities underminingestablished traditions and overwhelming society with their high birth ratesand 'inferior' ways" (Dinnerstein, 1983, p. A number of family structures existed along with the diminishingnuclear family. In an urban society, where cash is what is needed to provide thenecessities, someone needs to work to bring that cash in. and both had major impacts on thelabor scene" (Dinnerstein, 1983, p. . Coates (1996) predicted that an economy of convenience wouldemerge and "many families will be willing to pay a premium for conveniencein all goods and services they purchase" (p. By the mid-2 th century, the family had becomethe working father, the stay at home mother, and children who attendedschool until they were at least 16 years of age if not older (Coates,1996). 3, pp. At the beginningof the Industrial Revolution, everyone, including children, worked infactories (Henslin, 1999). Dinnerstein, L. It was commonplace to have both parents in the nuclear family working. Sociology: A Down to Earth Approach, 4thedition. TheUnited States is historically based on the flux of change since it wasfounded on basic concepts that were fairly new to the governmental scene.Democracy was a radical idea based on the concept of the individual beingin charge of his or her own destiny; the right to life, liberty and thepursuit of happiness. "What's Ahead for Families: Five Major Forcesof Change." FUTURIST, (September/October). By the end of the 2 th century, however, the family had changed yetagain. Reference Coates, J. . P. 4, no. 2). (1983). It had to be, because by 1914 therewere over one million immigrants a year entering the United States."Collectively these men, women, and children contributed to the largestinflux ever to reach United States shores in a twenty-two year period"(Dinnerstein, 1983, p. In all of these changes, it is difficult to choose which ones have had themost impact on the 2 th century, but the Industrial Revolution and therelationships of family were two of the most important social changes ofthe 2 th century. 12). 1-7. The elderly no longer necessarilymoved in with family, but move into senior communities, hospices, ornursing homes. These immigrants needed housing, jobs, policeprotection, social services, and schooling, among other things, whichcaused a constant move toward innovation and adaptation. 16). Henslin, J. 12+. Although a third of theEuropeans who had immigrated returned after failing to succeed as they hadhoped, many stayed and eventually they were assimilated into the generalculture. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL: Allyn and Bacon. "Their presencepropelled an agricultural nation into an industrial one and a rural countryinto an urban society" (Dinnerstein, 1983, p. Women would gain the right to vote. NationalEndowment for the Arts. In addition, individuals were married or in a serious relationship morethan once, and had children from more than one marriage or relationship,which led to "merged" families. In fact, "sexual behavior is increasinglybeing separated from its procreative function, thanks to reproductivetechnologies such as artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization, aswell as contraceptives" (Coates, 1996, p. By the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 2 th century(before World War I), the United States was one of the nations at theforefront of change and innovation. These included single, career women households, and same-sex families. African-Americanswould gain the right to attend the same schools as white students. "Immigration." Humanities. Children were schooled at amuch earlier age often learning in daycare what children learned inkindergarten or first grade in the past. As the 21st Century progresses, there will probably be even morechange as post-industrial society and the post-modern family adapts to theincreasing technologies and innovations available in our society (Henslin,1999). (1996).
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