For more information
Call 1-800-351-0222
Call 1-800-351-0222
EXERCISE MOTIVATION.
Term Paper ID:29895
Get This Paper Free! or
Essay Subject:
Discusses a model to predict exercise behavior.... More...
6 Pages / 1350 Words
5 sources, 7 Citations,
APA Format
$24.00
More Papers on This Topic
Paper Abstract:
Discusses a model to predict exercise behavior. Approach of the State of Motivational Readiness (Transtheoretical) Model (TTM). Describes the model, and examines studies using the TTM for predicting exercise behavior. TMM as a focus on personality characteristics and behaviors. Fives states of the Model. Effectiveness of TTM.
Paper Introduction:
The Stage of Motivational Readiness (Transtheoretical) Model and Exercise Motivation and Adherence
Introduction
This research paper presents motivation and adherence to an exercise program within the Stage of Motivational Readiness Model also known as the Transtheoretical Model, framework. A description of the model is presented, followed by studies examining the use of the model for predicting exercise behavior, and a conclusion.
Transtheoretical Model
The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) is an empirically derived model of change that includes multiple stages. The approach focuses on personality characteristics and behaviors as predictors of change. The model utilizes the natural dynamic
Text of the Paper:
The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper.
In fact TTM can be used to assessan individual's current stage of motivational readiness, and early stagescan indicate the need for consciousness raising techniques. Predicting exercise behavior using components of the transtheoretical model of behavior change. C., & Courneya, K. Transtheoretical Model and Predicting Exercise Cardinal (1997) reported on the use of TTM to predict exercisebehavior (naturally occurring behaviors). (1999). Forexample, Lee, Nigg, DiClemente, and Couirneya (2 1) studied the stages ofmotivational readiness, as conceptualized by TTM, in adolescent exercisebehavior. Later, moreaction-oriented stages, require presentation of exercise programs andappropriate support for maintenance. The model utilizesthe natural dynamic tendencies found in self-change. Thus motivation and adherence to anexercise program is dependent on the motivational stage of the individual,which can be assessed and moderated with TTM. Alternatively, other studies provide support for the model. A. S. A., & Nigg, C. J. Findings were that the exercise stage was associated withrespondents self-perceived quality of life. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 72(4), 4 1- 41 .Petrocelli, J. This individual was assessedas in the action stage, despite the surgery. Process and stages of change: Counseling with the transtheoretical model of change. It can be argued that findingsregarding early stages not being related to exercise behavior, are notrelevant to the theory's ultimate use. R., DiClemente, C. The goalfor this individual was to increase awareness of the need for change withknowledge of the benefits of exercise. Studies that do not support TTM rely on the premise that this theory isbest applied to those who want change. Thisconclusion would explain the lack of supportive findings reported byCardinal (1997), since this study measured naturally occurring exercisebehavior and did not control for intention to change. The firstcase involved a female assessed to be at the precontemplation stage, sinceshe was not exercising and had no intention to begin exercising. Despite the fact that adolescents may be in a state of change,early stages did not predict exercise behavior. The precontemplation stage was associated with thelowest physical functioning scores and the maintenance stage was associatedwith the highest physical functioning scores. (2 1). The Stage of Motivational Readiness (Transtheoretical) Model and Exercise Motivation and Adherence Introduction This research paper presents motivation and adherence to an exerciseprogram within the Stage of Motivational Readiness Model also known as theTranstheoretical Model, framework. The approach focuses on personalitycharacteristics and behaviors as predictors of change. S., Prochaska, J. ReferencesBurbank, P. For this study two cases were presented. Physical functioning, generalhealth perceptions, and vitality were the three areas most strongly relatedto exercise stage. The authors concluded thatcognitive-motivational intervention messages must emphasize quality of lifebenefits that are associated with exercise, to help those lessmotivationally ready to change. Exercise and older adults: Changing behavior with the transtheoretical model. V. The Stages of Change Questionnairewas used to assess motivational readiness for exercise behavior. A., & McHorney, C. Myths about elderly and exercise, such as that exercise at anolder age is not beneficial for those who have not previously exercised,help perpetuate a lack of change toward increased activity. A description of the model ispresented, followed by studies examining the use of the model forpredicting exercise behavior, and a conclusion. M., Reibe, D., Padula, C. The authorinvestigated whether those in preparation would report more exerciseinvolvement than those in contemplation, comparing base-line and 7-monthpost-baseline behaviors; it was also predicted that those in thepreparation stage would report greater exercise improvements at bothmeasurement periods. Thus thetranstheoretical model or stages of motivational readiness model, can beused to assess an individual's current stage, and facilitate their growthtoward the next stage. Leisure-time exercise was measured to control for physicaleducation taken as a school subject. For example, it would have been inappropriate topresent behavior change interventions such as providing the first clientwith an exercise program, since she was not in an action stage.Alternatively, the second individual needed support for an exerciseprogram, without which, a relapse may have resulted. (2 2). The authorshypothesized that knowledge that the elderly adapt to exercise in a similarmanner to younger individuals, along with knowledge regarding the benefitsof exercise, can be used to motivate change in the elderly. Validating motivational readiness for exercise behavior with adolescents. G., Rossi, J. F., Levesque, D. Preventative Medicine, 28(4), 349-36 .Lee, R. While these studiesprovide support TTM use and the need to assess a client's stage ofmotivational readiness, they do not provide an assessment of outcomes, tosupport effectiveness of TTM use. Studies have demonstrated that clusteranalytic techniques found the stages of change to be more diverse than wassuggested in factor analytic studies. E., Nigg, C. It was suggested thatlater stages would only be reached if change were intentional. The hypotheses were not confirmed. According to TTM,individuals exhibit varying degrees of readiness or involvement in thechange process. Petrocelli (2 2) reported on the empirical study of theTranstheoretical Model of change. Female adults ages 18 to 5 years were studied.Cardinal's five-item scale, theoretically based on the TranstheoreticalModel of behavior change was used to determine stages of motivationalreadiness. It is theorized (according toTTM), that stages of motivational readiness can be used to understand andpredict the adoption and maintenance of exercise behavior. Conclusion Despite inconclusive results regarding effectiveness of TTM use formotivation and adherence to an exercise program, this theory does providean understanding of a person's readiness for change which allows forcontemplation of how to best motivate them to the next level toward change. (1997). Laforge, Rossi, Prochaska, Velicer, Levesque, McHorney and (1999)provide additional insight into uses of the stages of motivationalreadiness model. Orthopedic Nursing, 21(4), 51-63.Cardinal, B. Adolescent participants were Canadian students in community highschools (Grade 9 = 352; Grade 1 = 21 , Grade 11 = 161; and Grade 12 = 96students). Thus, the motivational readiness of the adolescent isviewed as unique, since this group is already in a state of initiatingchanges. It was concluded that TTM is aframework to be used with intentional change only, even though it includesthe precontemplation and contemplation processes. The authors concludedthat findings from these cases pointed out the need to assess the stage ofchange in clients. Journal of Counseling and Development, 8 (1), 22-3 . The objective fort this stagewas to provide support and realistic encouragement. Findingswere that reported exercise consistency varied due to stage classification,with earlier stages of readiness being associated with less exercise.Further analysis of this study reveals the authors' reference regardingadolescence, which is defined as a time of change, with increasing autonomyand decision making. O., Velicer, W. Burbank, Reibe, Padula, and Nigg (2 2) studied exercise and olderadults, viewing changing behavior within the transtheoretical model. In a study examining1,387 respondents, stage of change was assessed and compared to quality oflife. Journal of Sport Behavior, 2 (3), 272-283.Laforge, R. Existinglevels of exercise were measured and it was hypothesized that stages ofprecontemplation, contemplation, and preparation would be related to lessexercise than the stages of postadoption, action, or maintenance. Stage of regular exercise and health- related quality of life. Theauthors pointed out that decreased exercise in old age results in loss ofmuscle strength, decreased flexibility and range of motion and decreasesbalance. Five stages are included in the model: precontemplationincludes individuals who are not thinking about changing their behavior;contemplation encompasses those who are thinking about change within thenext six months; preparation or those who have decided or are attempting tochange; action includes those who have overtly changed behaviors for lessthan six months; and maintenance, which includes individuals who haveovertly changed behaviors and maintained the changes longer than six months(Cardinal, 1997; Petrocelli, 2 2). The second case involved a male whohad undergone a total knee replacement, who was anxious to return to normallevels of functioning and exercise activity. Transtheoretical Model The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) is an empirically derived model ofchange that includes multiple stages. (2 2). The transtheoretical model can be used to understandbehavior change in those with sedentary lifestyles.
If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again:
or
We can write a Custom Essay just for you.
Browse Essays by Subject