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GLOBAL WARMING.
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Status of the issue in the summer of 2002.... More...
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Paper Abstract:
Status of the issue in the summer of 2002. Greenhouse effect. Rise in temperature of the world and release of gasses into the atmosphere. Global warming debate regarding interpretation of research findings. Linkage of human economic activity to phenomenon of global warming. Global climate changes; its threat as an energy related problems. Two Charts.
Paper Introduction:
GLOBAL WARMING: A REVIEW
Introduction
This research reviews the phenomenon of global warming. The concept of global warming postulates that (1) the average temperature around the world is increasing over temperature averages prevailing over the past 50-to-100 years and (2) that the cause of this development is the increased concentration in the earth’s atmosphere of gases [e.g., carbon dioxide primarily, but others also] that trap heat radiating upward from the earth and reradiate that heat back toward the earth. Another name for the global warming phenomenon is the greenhouse effect (European Environmental Agency, 2002). This research reviews the status of the global warming issue in the late summer of 2002.
The Issues and the Debaters
Both the content
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5).This influence, according to the report, is due to the increase inatmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases since pre-industrial times,and the effect of this increase on the energy balance of the Earth.Continued increases, according to the report, will lead to significantclimate change (global warming). Environmental Law, 3 (3), 491-525.Douglas, J. Global warming. The collapsing scientific cornerstones of global warming theory. M. Hydrocarbon Processing, 77(4), 143-149.European Environmental Agency. Reviewing the Phenomenon The report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) inSeptember 1995 linked human economic activity to the phenomenon of globalwarming. A game of climate chicken: Can EPA regulate greenhouse gases before the U.S. The controversy would be easier tounderstand if it involved only scientists and environmental activists onone side against a consortium on the other side composed of evil and greedycorporations, misanthropic conservative politicians, shotgun-focused freemarket economics, and hedonistic sports utility vehicle drivers.Unfortunately, such a clean division of parties to the global warmingdebate does not exist. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (1996). (2 2, July). Within the scientific community, scientists squareoff against one another over the issues involved in the global warmingdebate by not simply disagreeing with one another over the interpretationof research findings but frequently by challenging the integrity andintellectual capacities of those scientists espousing alternate theoriesand explanations to their own (Lindsay, 2 1). Even taking into account thequantitative uncertainties, current energy patterns are leading the worlddown a path that is unsustainable by threatening the global climate (IPCC,1996). Brookings Review, 19(4), 26-29.National Center for Policy Analysis. Environmental glossary. Impacts, adaptations and mitigation of climate change: Scientific-technical analyses. Global warming: Science or politics? F., Cunnold, D. Science, 292(5523), 1882-1888. These annual emissions accumulate, increasing the greenhouse gasconcentrations in the atmosphere. Conclusion Given the continuous growth in economic output expected through 2 14,it will not be possible to attain the emission reduction targets by meansof demand-side measures alone. Onemay ignore the hedonistic sports utility vehicle driver who most likely isunaware of the debate. Proponents of corrective actions to address theproblem of global warming, however, contend that preserving the environmentmo longer is sufficient. Rather, they want to roll back the effects ofglobal warming. One may ignore the free marketeconomists who would not care if the sun grew dark as long as they couldstructure an equation that explained it as a decision of the market. Current energy systems based on the combustion of fossil fuels account for76 percent of the world's primary energy. Opponents contend, however, that the reported effects ofglobal warming are no more severe than effects recorded in many earlierperiods of world history, and that the world will weather the effects ofglobal warming just as it survived many earlier global climate changes.Prinn, Huang, Weiss, et al. A major question remains, however,concerning the necessity of such reductions. The following page presentscharts relative to the problem.Chart 1 - Temperature Changes: 1 -to-2 [pic]Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2 2Chart 2 - CO2 Concentration Changes: 1 -to-2 [pic]Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2 2 ReferencesBugnion, V., & Reiner, D. The Scientific Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel onClimate Change (1996) stated that: "The body of statistical evidence nowpoints towards a discernible human influence on global climate" (p. Evidence for substantial variations of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals in the past two decades. Understanding the global carbon cycle. P. (2 1), found, however, that evidence ofsubstantial variations in atmospheric hydroxyl radicals in the 198 s and199 s may work against the natural reversal of the effects of globalwarming. P. Washington, D.C.: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved from the Internet on 2 2- 9 19 at: http://glossary.eea.eu.int/EEAGlossary/G/ global_warmingIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. One can ignore industry executives who challenge any thing that willcause a change in their operations or which may impinge on their financialbenefits. M. R. Global warming heats up: Uncertainties, both scientific and political, lie ahead. EPRI Journal, 34-41.Dorweller, V. (2 , Summer). (1998, April). These radicals destroy air pollutants and trapped gasses thatproduce the greenhouse effect (Prinn, Huang, Weiss, et al., 2 1). (2 1, June 8). G. This combustion leads to aboutthree-fourths of the annual human-related emissions of the main greenhousegas CO2. Senate ratifies the Kyoto Protocol? Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.Lindsay, J. Retrieved from the Internet on 2 2- 9-19 at:http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/ climate/globalwarming.htmlPrinn, R. One may ignore most politicians who steadfastly parrot thearguments of their financial supporters. The Issues and the Debaters Both the contention that average temperatures around the world arerising in a different pattern than in the past and the contention that thecause of the rise in temperatures is the release of gasses into theatmosphere are controversial. The conceptof global warming postulates that (1) the average temperature around theworld is increasing over temperature averages prevailing over the past 5 -to-1 years and (2) that the cause of this development is the increasedconcentration in the earth's atmosphere of gases [e.g., carbon dioxideprimarily, but others also] that trap heat radiating upward from the earthand reradiate that heat back toward the earth. Another name for the globalwarming phenomenon is the greenhouse effect (European Environmental Agency,2 2). The further reduction of CO2 emissions willrequire either constraining economic growth or restricting the emissionsemanating from major supply sources. Dallas, Texas: National Center for Policy Analysis. J., Porter, L., & Miller, B. (1999, June 3 ). (2 2). A., McCulloch, A., Harth, C., O'Doherty, P., Salameh, S., Wang, R. Preserving the environment long has been a major objectiveof environmentalists. H. This research reviews the status of the global warming issue in thelate summer of 2 2. Uncertainties still exist, however, thatlimit the ability to quantify human influence and project the future of theeffects of such influences on the global climate (Dorweller, 1998).According to proponents of action to counter global warming, such changesare required because business-as-usual is likely to increase carbonemissions by a factor of three by 21 , whereas according to the IPCC(1996b), emissions will have to fall far below the present level in orderto stabilize the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) ofglobal warming is to be countered (Bugnion & Reiner, 2 ). M., Simmonds Fraser, P. Technologies, policies, and measures for mitigating climate change. One, however, cannot ignore the serious dispute onthe issue among scientists, regardless of how uncivil some of theirarguments may be. Many scientists already had been advocating more stringentregulation of the production of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), a majorattributed cause of global warming, as a solution to the problem (Douglas,1994). Retrieved from the Internet on 2 2- 9-19 at: http://www.ncpa.org/ba/ba299.htmlNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Human faith in scientific and technological progress weakens asknowledge of the harm done to the environment by human activity becomesmore apparent. Global Warming: A review Introduction This research reviews the phenomenon of global warming. (1994, July-August). (2 1, Fall). (1995). G., Huang, J., Weiss, R. The threat of climate change is principally an energy-related problem. Opponents ofcurtailing greenhouse emissions contend that the case for global warming isoverstated (National Center for Policy Analysis, 1999).
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