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Effect on academic achievement.... More...
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Paper Abstract:
Effect on academic achievement. Issue of socialization. Long-term effects of this educational option. Make-up of home schooled children. Proposes a study to compare academic achievement of home schooled children, private school students, public school students. Rationale for study. Review of Literature. Procedures.

Paper Introduction:
Proposal: Achievement and Home Schooling Statement of Purpose and Rationale The number of children and youth being schooled at home is increasing every year. Wagenaar (1997) reported that over one million children were being schooled at home at the end of 1997, while Rockney (2002) estimates that on any given day, between one and four percent of all school-aged children are being home schooled. Numerous explanations have been advanced for home schooling and its appeal, including fears of conformity, violence in public schools, secularism, and the poor educational quality that is being provided in the public schools (Hammons, 2001). The increasing popularity of home schooling has led educators and other researchers to conduct studies of the efficacy of

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ReferencesBailey, K. The 1/kth number method of randomization describedby Bailey (199 ) will be employed to develop the sample; in this method,once stratification benchmarks have been selected, potential participantsare identified and every kth possible participant contacted and asked toparticipate. Further, Rudner (1998), in another study of home schooling, statedthat home schools are perceived by parents as permitting greaterflexibility in designing curriculum and as preventing children from beingsubject to the growing violence that characterizes many public schools.Other parents, says Rudner (1998), believe that home schooling allowsparents to be more involved with their children's education and to developa study pace and agenda that meets an individual student's needs. C. Thisbelief is supported by Rudner (1998), who compared the ITBS scores of2 ,76 K-12 home schooled students in 11,93 families to a sample of publicschool students. What's behind the growth in homeschooling? Procedures The proposed research will consist of a comparison of a randomlyselected, matched sample of public school, private school, and home-schooled children who have taken the ITBS in the past academic school yearand whose parents agree to permit the student's ITBS test scores to beaccessed. Education, 117(3), 44 -445. The ITBS offers insight into thecomparative positioning of children in grades K-12 and has been used as abenchmark by any number of public school system, private schools, and homeschoolers (Rudner, 1998). Indeed, the National Center forHome Education (2 ) reported on the 1998-1999 American College Test (ACT)composite scores for home schooled students and found that nationally, homeschooled students averaged a score of 22.7 (out of a possible total of 36)as compared to the national public school ACT average of 21. It is for this reason that the ITBS has been chosen for the proposedresearch, which will focus on academic achievement. The ITBS, which is used by many public, private and home schools totest student achievement, provides scores for vocabulary, readingcomprehension, spelling, capitalization and other language arts skills,mathematic concepts, problem-solving, and computation, science, listening,writing, and social studies (Iowa Test of Basic Skills, 2 2). Wagenaar (1997) reported that over one million children werebeing schooled at home at the end of 1997, while Rockney (2 2) estimatesthat on any given day, between one and four percent of all school-agedchildren are being home schooled. (1998). Available at http://seamonkey.ed.asu.edu/~alex/teaching/assessment /ITBS.html.Iowa Testing Programs. Public school students will be drawn from this researcher'shome public school district, with private school students drawn from thearea's parochial schools. The childrenare also possessed of higher self-esteem and are likely to perform higherthan their public school peers on standardized tests such as the ITBS.Nevertheless, as Taylor (2 1) has contended, the American Federation ofTeachers (AFT) believes that it is overly simplistic to use standardizedachievement tests as the primary measure of home schooling's success. About the tests. Hammons (2 1)reported that rising applications for university admissions for homeschooled students suggest that the use of the ITBS to assess academicprogress in the home schooling environment provides valid information onthis issue. (199 ). USA Today, 127(264 ), 64-66.National Center for Home Education. Theoretically, the weaknesses of home schooling include issuesrelated to socialization, isolation, and alienation from interaction withpeers. (2 1). Rockney (2 2) asserted that numerous studies have documented thathome schooled children perform as well or better on standard measures ofacademic achievement than do their peers that attend public school. It is theorized that home school childrenwill exhibit lower levels of academic achievement on the ITBS than privateschool students and higher levels of achievement on the test than publicschool students. (2 ). (1999). Available at www.uiowa.edu/~itp/bs/abouttests.htm.Lines, P. Home schooled students (8 percent) had two parentswhile 62 percent of the households were home schooling three or morechildren. Home schooling is appealing, according to a recent national surveybecause it is perceived as giving children a better education (48.9 percentof the sample), offering an opportunity for religious lessons (38.4percent), the poor learning environment of public schools (25.6 percent),and other family-centered reasons (16.8 percent) ("Did you know," 2 2). The Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter, 18(2), 1-3.Romanowski, M.H. Once agreement hasbeen obtained form participants' parents, the participating schools willfurnish the researcher with the complete ITBS score for each participant,along with a demographic profile indicating the student's grade level, age,gender, and race or ethnicity. What characterizes home schoolers? In fact, Hammons (2 1) believes that parents ofchildren who are schooled at home are often highly resistant toparticipation in empirical studies designed to assess the efficacy of homeschool programming or to explore the efficacy of home schooling curriculum. (2 1). Whereas obtaining the resources for instruction in thelanguage arts, humanities, and the social sciences is relatively easy,creating adequate science labs or having sufficient skill in mathematicsinstruction is more difficult to achieve. The home schooling debate. Fully 5 percent of thesestudents were in grades kindergarten through five, with 22 percent ingrades six through eight, and 28 percent in grades nine through twelve. Homeschooling boosts socialization. The study indicated that home schooled students typicallyscored in the 7 th-8 th percentile of the ITBS. Home schooled children, though largely White and Christian, includeminority group students whose families are angry with the public schoolsystem and convinced that their children will be better served in a lessstressful environment. (2 2). The Public Interest, Summer, 74-8 +.Lyman, I. When national publicschool ITBS results are examined, these home school scores are higher thanthe average for public school students (Lines, 2 ). Confidentiality will be guaranteed and no identifying data willbe collected. The testwas normed on the same sample as the Cognitive Abilities Test, an academicaptitude test. (1997). . (1998). Romanowski (2 1) claims that the lack of peer interaction in aclassroom is detrimental to a home school student's education and may havelong-term negative effects on academic achievement. Home schooled students will be drawn from thesample identified by Rudner (1998), which consisted of home schooledstudents participating in the Bob Jones University standardized K-12testing program. Bailey (199 ) suggests that use of such secondary data can be helpfulin identifying possible correlations between and among disparate anddiscrete variables such as those listed above. Only ITBS scores will be collected for eachparticipating student. While the literature is generally favorable regarding home schoolingand its academic and other effects (Wagenaar, 1997), there is some concernthat home schooled children do not acquire the social skills or have accessto the myriad resources available in the public school system (Romanowski,2 1). In 1999,slightly less than one million students were home schooled and 82 percentof these students were home schooled only. Proposal: Achievement and Home Schooling Statement of Purpose and Rationale The number of children and youth being schooled at home is increasingevery year. Scholastic achievement and demographic characteristics of home schooled students in 1998. The increasing popularity of home schooling has led educators andother researchers to conduct studies of the efficacy of home schooling.Rudner (1998) contended that while there is a large body of empirical datadescribing the demographic characteristics of home schoolers, less is knownabout their overall academic achievement levels or the long-term effects ofthis educational option. Numerous explanations have been advancedfor home schooling and its appeal, including fears of conformity, violencein public schools, secularism, and the poor educational quality that isbeing provided in the public schools (Hammons, 2 1). The Clearing House, 75(2), 79-84.Rudner, L.M. The rationale for the present study, which will compare academicachievement as measured by the Iowa Test of Basic Skills (ITBS) for home,public, and private school students, focuses on achievement differentials(Iowa Testing Program, 1999). Review of Literature Data presented by Gifted Child Today ("Did you know," 2 2) profilesthe growing population of home schooled American children. It is expected that the data will provide support for theresearch hypothesis and insight into how future research should beconducted. It has a composite reliability score of .98 and has beenfound valid in numerous research studies. The targetgrades will be grades six through eight. Home schooled students also faceresource constraints, particularly in such fields as science andmathematics. Methods of Social Research. It is anticipated that thedata will support the following hypotheses: H1: Home Schooled students will score higher on each ITBS indicator than public school students on average. D. Lines (2 ) concluded that there is no reason to believe that homeschooled students suffer academically or are academically disadvantaged incomparison to their public school peers. Common arguments about the strengths and limitations of home schooling. School home. A total of 1 male and 1 female students, stratified as described above, from each educationalsetting will be selected. W. A recent studyby the Fraser Institute of Vancouver, British Columbia, revealed that homeschooled children are friendlier, more independent, and more sociallydeveloped than their peers from public or private schools. There is evidence indicating thathome schooled students simply do not have access to interaction with adiverse body of peers and may not therefore develop socially on a par withstudents in public or private schools. This hypothesis will be tested using readily availabledata obtained from both public and private schools and a study reported byRudner (1998) which employed the ITBS in a population of home schooledstudents. (2 ). Pearson's r correlation coefficientwill be used to assess the relationships or associations between the keyindependent variable of ITBS scores and the dependent variables ofschooling type/locus, age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Using the ITBS subscales for subject matter or skills, and thecomposite scores for each student on key indicators (reading, mathematics,language arts, and science), data will be compared using simply descriptiveand inferential statistical analysis. Christianity Today, 45(15), 17.Wagenaar, T. New York: The Free Press.Did you know.... Gifted Child Today, 25(2), 13.Hammons, C. Homeschooling comes of age. Interestingly, Hammons (2 1) reported that the image of homeschoolers as consisting primarily of Christian fundamentalists is notvalid. Atotal of 75 percent of the students were White, non-Hispanic, and 51percent were female. Available at www.hslda.org/docs/nche/ 2/ 221.asp.Rockney, R. Despite these data, Lyman (1998) maintained that home school elicitsmuch criticism and misunderstanding. 1998-1999 ACT Average Composite Scores for Home Schooled Students by State. M. Taylor (2 1) has suggested that the notion that home schooledchildren are poorly socialized deserves greater scrutiny. The process continues until the desired sample has beenchosen and agreement to participate has been obtained. Students from each setting will be matched randomly according to suchdemographic characteristics as age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Education Next, 1(4), 48-55.Iowa Test of Basic Skills. (2 2). (2 2). H2: Home schooled students will score lower on each ITBS Indicator than private school students on average. Data will be presented as frequencydistributions and in tabular form. Available at www.hslda.org/docs/study/rudner1999/FullText\ .asp.Taylor, T. (2 1).

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