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DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY OF MEXICO CITY.
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Population changes 1970-2000 & their implications. Move from countryside to city; urban crisis. 6 Tables. 1 Exhibit.... More...
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Paper Abstract:
Population changes 1970-2000 & their implications. Move from countryside to city; urban crisis. 6 Tables. 1 Exhibit.
Paper Introduction:
A DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY OF MÉXICO CITY
Introduction
A demographic analysis of population changes and their implications in México City, México was performed. The results of the analysis are presented in this paper.
Defining México City
“México City” refers to the entire Metropolitan Area, or the ”Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México” (ZMCM). The ZMCM is formed by the “Federal District,” which is the México’s capital area, and those communities of the surrounding State of México (of which there are 58 in 2000). The Federal District covers less than one third of the surface area of the ZMCM, but houses 42.3 percent of the total ZMCM population. The total ZMCM population in 2000 is estim
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Population Density in the ZMCM An aerial photograph of México City as it appears in 2 from 2,3 meters up in the air is presented in Exhibit 1, below on this page. Thisdifference likely is attributable to both higher income levels and higherlevels of formal educational attainment among women in México City than inthe other areas of the country. Economic motives are almost the sole cause forinternal migration to México City (Wilson, 1993). In one context,migration may be categorized as either transnational or internal.Transnational migration, as the term implies involves the movement ofpeople across national political borders. Deathrates are lower in México City than in México nationally. Linden, E. The important changerelated to population density that has occurred since 193 is that thislevel of population density has steadily expanded to greater distancesbeyond the center of México City. (2 b). The Federal District covers less than one third of the surface areaof the ZMCM, but houses 42.3 percent of the total ZMCM population. Defining México City "México City" refers to the entire Metropolitan Area, or the "ZonaMetropolitana de la Ciudad de México" (ZMCM). Foreign Affairs, 75(1), 52-65. Some adapt, and evolve into new types of cities,a process which continues to stimulate growth. a demographic study of méxico city Introduction A demographic analysis of population changes and their implications inMéxico City, México was performed. The absolute number of people added to the populationdetermine how many new jobs will be required and how much public servicesmuch be increased. Eventually,the supremacy of the Aztecs caused the city to be a magnet for otherswishing to curry the favor of and profit from dealings with the Aztecs. Decreasing fertility rates lead todecreases in the total population. The city's proportion of the totalpopulation is at its highest point. These data indicate thatnot only México City but all urban areas in México are increasing asproportions of the total national population Conclusion México City is a magnet city within the country. Of the city's 22.3 million inhabitants in 2 , approximately 4 percent are migrants. México City was originally located where it is because it provided apleasant climate in which to live, and a land which was capable ofsupporting the agriculture necessary to feed its inhabitants. It is within the México State component of theZMCM, thus, that population growth is outstripping the capacity of theeconomy and the government to provide the jobs and social services that arenecessary to serve all newcomers-or all long-term residents for that matter(Linden, 1996). References Consejo Nacional de Población, (CONAPO). Both the absolute numbers of people added to the population and theannual rate at which people are added to the population affect the capacityof the economy and of the government to provide for the new additions tothe population. Thisphotograph illustrates the density of the population throughout the ZMCM. Of the migrants, approximately 2 percent (eight-percent of the total population) are from outside México (Consejo Nacionalde Población, 2 b). Within México, México City represents ahigh proportion of the total national population and the total urbanpopulation of the country. Czempiel, E-O. Fertility rates for the ZMCM and for México nationally arepresented in Table 5, which may be found on the following page. In this study, the focus is on internal migration. México City's proportion of the totalpopulation of Mexico and the city's proportion of the country's total urbanpopulation is presented in Table 6, which may be found on the followingpage. Retrieved from the Internet 2 -11-27 at:http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/gy/research/gawc/rb/ rb19.html Wilson, T. Death rates and life expectancy for the ZMCM and forMéxico nationally are presented in Table 4, which may be found on thefollowing page. |13,8 ,|14, 82 || | | | ||199|1,371. Population density in greater México City has remained between 14, and 14,877 persons per square kilometer since 193 . The rate of population increase affects how fast newjobs must be created and how fast increases in public service levels mustbe implemented (Parnreiter, 2 ). México City: The making of a global city?Oxford, England: Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network, 1-49. México City continues toact as a magnet city, because, even with its inability to absorb all of themigrants into its formal economy, its economic promise continues to bebetter than that of the country's hinterlands. There are many different types of migration. Later, the city developed as an industrial center, but, moreimportantly, as the seat of national government, it acted as a magnetbecause of the economic advantages that status gave it over other areas.Migrants to México City were attracted to the city by more jobs, more andbetter schools, affordable urban transportation, and decent health care. (2 ). The unchecked movement from the countryside into México City severelyrestricts the abilities of urban and national planners to provide necessaryservices. Thefertility rate is lower in México City than in México nationally. Not allcities, however, wither. Global changes and theoreticalchallenges. Thetotal ZMCM population in 2 is estimated at 22.3 million (ConsejoNacional de Población, 2 a). Refer to Table 1 on thefollowing page for a summary of population changes in the ZMCM since 197 . The city's proportion of the country'surban population, however, is lower than it was in the 197 s and 198 s andonly slightly higher than it was in the 196 s. La situacióndemográfica de México. Washington: The Brookings Institution. Two widelyapplied categories in this context are economic and political migration.Economic migration refers to movement by people in the hope of improvingtheir economic positions (Czempiel & Rosenau, 1991). Migration may also be differentiated according to motive. The results of the analysis arepresented in this paper. Population Growth Within the ZMCM by Sector: 197 -2 Since 197 , population growth in that portion of the ZMCM other thanthe Federal district has been much more rapid than that within the FederalDistrict (Consejo Nacional de Población, 2 a). As the purposes forwhich cities are founded thrive, so then do the cities thrive and grow.When those purposes founder, however, some cities tend to wither. (1991). |3.4 |3.9 |2.5 ||City | | | | | | | Source: Consejo Nacional de Población, 2 b As the data presented in Table 4 indicate also, mean life expectancyhas been increasing in México nationally and in México City over the years. Economic motives wereassociated with much of the transnational migration that occurred from thesixteenth through the nineteenth centuries, and economic motives areresponsible for most of the transnational migration that is occurring inthe contemporary period. Table 4 - Death Rates & Life Expectancy for México City and for México Nationally|Jurisdictio|Mean Death rate |Mean Life ||n |(per thousand) |Expectancy || | |At Birth (years) || |195 -|197 -|198 -1|195 -|197 -|198 -1|| |1969 |1979 |999 |1969 |1979 |999 ||México |13 |8 |6 |51 |61 |66 ||México City|11 |7 |5 |51 |63 |69 | Source: Consejo Nacional de Población, 2 b Table 5 - Fertility Rates & Number of Children Desired for México City and for México Nationally| |Mean Gross Fertility |Average Number of || |Rate |Children Desired || | |(period mean) ||Jurisdict|195 -1|197 -1|198 - |195 -1|197 -1|198 - ||ion |97 |979 |1999 |97 |979 |1999 ||México |6.8 |6.2 |3.6 |4.9 |4.5 |3. México City's industrial sector and its public sector, however, havebeen unable to absorb the magnitude of migrants. Theoretical approaches to Mexican wagelabor migration. Death rates,life expectancy, fertility, and migration are important contributors topopulation growth. |19,2 ,|14, || | | | ||2 |1,499. Consejo Nacional de Población, (CONAPO). As the data presented in Table 4 indicate, the death rate for Méxiconationally and for México City has declined steadily over the years. As thedata presented in Table 2 indicate, the definition of the area thatconstitutes greater México City has expanded over time. This differenceis attributable to better health services, higher incomes, and betterliving conditions in México City than in the other areas of the country.Decreasing death rates lead to increases in the total population. The problem for México and for México City is that more than 3 percent of México's urban dwellers reside in one single city-México City.México City must deal with its growth on an ad hoc basis, moving fromdisaster to disaster, and from urban crisis to urban crisis. Nevertheless, theEuropeans who migrated to these regions crossed national political bordersin Europe to reach the areas in which the settled in the Americas, Africa,and Asia. % ||Population in thousands ||Source: Consejo Nacional de Población, 2 a | As the data presented in Table 1 indicate, population growth in theZMCM over the past three decades has been a dramatic increase of 87.9percent. Inpart, the slowing rate of population growth is attributable to the laws oflarger numbers-a steady annual increase in the number of people willreflect a lower rate of growth. Within the Federal District, however, the population increase hasbeen a much more modest 22.6 percent. Internal migration refers to the movements of large numbers ofpeople from region to region within established national political borders. Neither does México State have the capacity todevelop the level of resources required to adequately support thisburgeoning population. México State does not have access to the levels of resources availableto the Federal District. Urbanization in México With a population of approximately 22.3 million people in 2 , MéxicoCity is one of the largest urban agglomerations in the world (ConsejoNacional de Población, 2 a). Thus, squattersettlements have developed around México City. Table 2 - México City Population Density (16 -2 )|Yea|Area |Populat|Urban ||r |(km²) |ion |density(persons/km²|| | | |) ||16 |5.5 |58, |1 ,584 || | | | ||17 |6.6 |1 5, |15,885 || | | | ||18 |1 .8 |137, |12,732 || | | | ||185|14.1 |24 , |16,985 || | | | ||19 |27.5 |541, |19,673 || | | | ||191|4 .1 |721, |17,98 || | | | ||192|46.4 |9 6, |19,534 || | | | ||193|86.1 |1,23 , |14,287 || | | | ||194|117.5 |1,76 , |14,974 || | | | ||195|24 .6 |3,48 , |14,464 || | | | ||198|98 . Table 6 - México City's Proportion of the Total Population and of the Total Urban Population of México| |195 | 196 |197 |198 |199 |2 ||Total |12.2% |14.8% |18.5% |2 .7% |18.5% |22.4% ||Populatio| | | | | | ||n | | | | | | ||Urban |28.6% |29.2% |31.4% |31.2% |26. Table 3 - México City Population Growth (16 -2 )|Period |Average Annual |Average Annual || |Population |Population || |Increase |Growth Rate ||16 -17| 47 | .8% || | | ||17 -18| 32 | .3% || | | ||18 -18| 2, 6 |1.5% ||5 | | ||185 -19| 6, 2 |2.5% || | | ||19 -19| 18, |3.3% ||1 | | ||191 -19| 18,5 |2.6% ||2 | | ||192 -19| 32,4 |3.6% ||3 | | ||193 -19| 53, |4.3% ||4 | | ||194 -19| 172, |9.8% ||5 | | ||195 -19| 344, |9.9% ||8 | | ||198 -19| 54 , |3.9% ||9 | | ||199 -2 | 31 , |3.4% || | | | Source: Calculated from data obtained from Consejo Nacional de Población, 2 b As the data presented in Table 3 indicate, the highest levels ofpopulation growth in the ZMCM in absolute numbers of people added to thepopulation each year occurred in the decade of the 198 s. The exploding cities of thedeveloping world. Latin American Perspectives, 2 (3), 98-129. D. Another reason for the slowing of the rateof population growth in the ZMCM since 199 , however, is a decrease in theactual number of people added to the population each year in the decade ofthe 199 s in comparison with the decade of the 198 s. Proyecciones de lapoblación de las entidades federativas y sus municipios, 1995-2 3 .[Projections of the population of the federal district and municipalities,1995-2 3 ] México, D.F.: CONAPO. Changes inpopulation growth, expressed as both absolute numbers and as growth rates,are presented in Table 3, which may be found below on this page. (2 a). |22,3 ,|14,877 || | | | | Source: Consejo Nacional de Población, 2 b Population Growth Rates in the ZMCM The rate of population growth in the ZMCM has slowed since 198 . Life expectancy is higher in México City than in México nationally. N. Table 1 - México City Area Population: 197 -2 |Jurisdictio|197 |199 |2 |Change |% Change |% of ZMCM||n | | | | | |Growth ||Federal |7, 6 |8,236 |8,591 |1,585 |22.6% |16.7% ||District | | | | | | ||México |3,798 |9,816 |11,7 8 |7,91 |2 8.3% |83.3% ||State | | | | | | ||ZMCM Total |1 ,8 4 |18, 52 |2 ,299 |9,495 |87.9% |1 . Increasing life expectancy leads to increases in the totalpopulation. [The demographic situation of México] México, D.F.:CONAPO. The population growth in thesurrounding México State, however, has been a staggering 2 8.3 percent(Consejo Nacional de Población, 2 a). Continued growth, however,does not, in and of itself, indicate success. Exhibit 1 - México City From 23 Meters (Circa 2 ) [pic] Source: México Azteca, September 2 (http://azteca.free.fr/) Changes in the population density of México City over time arepresented in Table 2, which may be found on the following page. ||México |5.8 |4.8 |3. Thisdifference is attributable to better health services, higher incomes, andbetter living conditions in México City than in the other areas of thecountry. The ZMCM is formed by the"Federal District," which is the México's capital area, and thosecommunities of the surrounding State of México (of which there are 58 in2 ). % |3 .2% ||Populatio| | | | | | ||n | | | | | | | Source: Consejo Nacional de Población, 2 b As the data presented in Table 6 indicate, México City's proportion ofboth the total population and the urban population of México increasedduring the decade of the 199 s. Population Growth, Natural Growth, and Migration in and to the ZMCM Population growth is affected by a number of factors. As time haspassed, the area that defines México City has extended further and furtherbeyond the area that today is recognized as the Federal district. Parnreiter, C. (1996, January-February). The highestrates of population growth, however, occurred from 194 through 198 . & Rosenau, J. (1993, Summer). In the Americas, parts ofAfrica, and parts of Asia in the sixteenth through the nineteenthcenturies, national political boundaries did not exist. As the data presented in Table 5 indicate, the fertility rate has beendecreasing in México nationally and in México City over the years.
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