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RESEARCH DESIGN ON "BABY BLUES."
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Proposes study to compare psychoemotional consequences of early & late hospital discharge on mothers of newborn infants.... More...
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Paper Abstract:
Proposes study to compare psychoemotional consequences of early & late hospital discharge on mothers of newborn infants.

Paper Introduction:
Statement of the Problem Nurses are well aware that depression after childbirth -- often called the baby blues -- is fairly common, affecting as many as 15 percent of women who give birth. However, anxiety=s effects on the mother can be just as serious as depression and may overlap with postpartum depression symptoms. According to a study published in the July 1998 issue of the Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, the depression and anxiety often come after the first child because the new mother does not have previous experience with which to compare it. We are proposing a research study to compare the psychoemotional consequences of early and late postpartum discharge on mothers of newborn infants. Depression and anxiety levels will be the specific psychoemotional consequences that will be examined. These

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These comparisonswill be made using the analysis of variance statistic. (July 1998). Betty Neuman=s nursing theory views the patient as a whole being.Neuman=s theories on the effect of stressors help form the conceptualframework for this study. It is also hoped that postpartum follow-upprograms with a strong educational component and special targeting ofidentified high-risk women may enable nurses to better address thisproblem.Methodology Approximately 1 women will serve as subjects in the study I will getpermission from the two hospitals I work at to conduct the study. Length of Hospital Stay: For the purposes of this study, this termwill be operationally defined in terms of whether or not subjects spentless than 3 hours in the hospital following delivery. The only mothers that will be included in the sample will be first-time mothers with single births, normal birthweight infants, anduncomplicated labor and deliveries. Are mothers= depression levels significantly different dependingupon differences in length of hospital stay following delivery? & Emery, G. Datarecorders will be the major procedure to be used. Once subjects fittingall selection criteria have delivered their babies, and are to bedischarged, the data recorders will visit their rooms, give them a briefdescription of the study and ask them if they would be willing to completethe study=s test instruments. Statement of the Problem Nurses are well aware that depression after childbirth -- often calledthe baby blues -- is fairly common, affecting as many as 15 percent ofwomen who give birth. Cognitivetheory of depression. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease.186(7):42 -4). We are proposing a research study tocompare the psychoemotional consequences of early and late postpartumdischarge on mothers of newborn infants. A less than 3 hours stay will be termed an Aearly discharge@ while a stay of 3 hours ormore will be termed a Alate discharge.@Significance of the Study One reason for examining the length of time new mothers spend in thehospital following delivery is that reducing length of postpartum stay isone of the ways in which hospitals, insurance providers and other relatedagencies such as HMOs are attempting to cut escalating health costs.Another reason is that not many studies exist on the psychoemotionalconsequences of early or late discharge, although postpartum depression isa known contributor to mother abuse of newborn infants. Panic disorder.Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. References Beck, A.T., Rush, A.J., Shaw, B.F. Depression and anxiety levelswill be the specific psychoemotional consequences that will be examined.These variables are selected for examination because they are variablesthat are directly related to people=s general levels of psychoemotionalbalance, and because they have also been discussed in previous research. New York: Guilford Press. Psychological testing:Principlesapplications, and issues. (1982). Depression: An emotional state theoretically characterized by intensedysphoria, sadness, feelings of futility, worthlessness and withdrawal fromothers (Sue, Sue and Sue, 1994). It is the role andfunction of the nurse in the health care system to advocate for patients aswell as to promote optimal health. According to a study published in the July 1998 issue of theJournal of Nervous and Mental Disease, the depression and anxiety oftencome after the first child because the new mother does not have previousexperience with which to compare it. Stuart, S. This study is also significant in terms of nursing. However, anxiety=s effects on the mother can be justas serious as depression and may overlap with postpartum depressionsymptoms. Therefore, thisproposed study will contribute to the existing knowledge base byinvestigating an area of the length of hospital stay research that has beenunder-investigated. Kaplan, R.M. Are mothers= anxiety levels significantly different depending upondifferences in length of hospital stay following delivery?Theoretical Definition of the Variables The variables of research interest in the proposed study may betheoretically and conceptually defined as follows: Anxiety: Conceptually defined, anxiety refers to feelings of fear andapprehension (National Institute of Mental Health, 1991). Monterey, California: Brooks/Cole. Those women completing the instruments willconstitute the study=s sample subjects.Measuring Instruments Mothers= depression levels will be assessed using the Beck DepressionInventory. Sue, D., Sue D. The study=s research problem can be stated as an attempt to answer thefollowing research questions: 1. National Institute of Mental Health (1991). Understanding abnormal behavior(4th ed.) Boston: Houghton-Mifflin. The holistic view of health care viewspatients as biopsychosocial beings. 2. (1994). et al. The sample is restricted solely tomothers who meet these criteria in order to control for variations inlength of hospital stay that might be due to low infant birthweight,complications at labor and delivery, multiple births and other variables. & Saccuzzo, D.P. & Sue, S. Mothers= anxiety levels will be measured using the A-Stateanxiety scale of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory.Data Analysis Plan All of the study=s dependent measures will be collected just beforemothers are to be discharged from the hospital. Therefore, postpartum depression andanxiety, which can lead to greater problems, are deserving of furtherstudy. (1979). The depression and anxietydata will be examined to determine whether they significantly differdepending upon whether the mother was discharged less than 3 hours afterbeing admitted or 3 hours or more following admission.

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