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Sexual Harassment & Sexual Revictimization
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Proposal for a study to determine if there is a relationship between the experience of sexual harassment & the experience of sexual revictimization.... More...
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Paper Abstract:
Proposal for a study to determine if there is a relationship between the experience of sexual harassment & the experience of sexual revictimization.

Paper Introduction:
Sexual Harassment and Sexual Revictimization Background to the Study Over the last two decades, research studies have documented significant rates of child sexual abuse among both female and male children. Estimates for female children under the age of 18 who have experienced at least one incident of abuse ranges from 1 in 4 to 1 in 2.5 among nonclinical samples (Kohn, 1987; Wyatt, 1985). Estimates for male children are approximately 1 in 8. There are a number of effects that have been associated with childhood sexual abuse, including psychological, sexual, and interpersonal difficulties (Briere, 1992). One additional problem that has been associated with early abuse is sexual

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One experience that has not generally been studied as an aspect ofsexual revictimization is sexual harassment. The intent is to use the Wyatt Sex History Questionnaire as the basisof the study. The other measure to be used is the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale(Rosenberg, 1979). In general, sexualrevictimization has been seen as more directly, or overtly sexual,involving body contact of exposure to genitalia. Estimates for malechildren are approximately 1 in 8. Sexual revictimization has been variously defined by researchers inthe field to include different types of abusive sexual interaction (Wyatt,Guthrie, Notgrass, 1992) in either childhood of adulthood. Child Abuse and Neglect, 9, 5 7-519.Wyatt, G.E., Guthrie, D. and Notgrass, C.M. . Overall, the researchers noted thatthe participants' responses remained consistent over time. Findings tend toindicate relational disturbances or problems, however, at a greater ratefor those who have been sexually revictimized. NY: Basic Books.Wyatt, G.E. (1992). In addition, the relationship of experiencing sexualharassment to measures of self-esteem will be assessed. The groups should bematched as closely as possible on other measures, such as education andincome. (1987). (1992). Sexual harassment is defined as an instance in which someone in asuperior power position subjects another individual to unwanted sexualexposure, whether through display of sexual materials, repeated verbalexplicitly sexual comments, unwanted touching, up to and including rape,sexual threats, sexual exposure, and unwanted comments regarding apotential sexual relationship between the two individuals.Methods This study builds directly on the work of Wyatt et al. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 6 (2), 167-173. This instrument is a 478-item structured interview which isdesigned to examine retrospective and current consensual and abusive sexualexperiences during the woman's lifespan. H3: That women who have been sexually harassed, but not sexuallyrevictimized, according to the study definition, will have lower scores onmeasures of self-esteem than women who have not been sexually revictimizedor sexually harassed.Definition The definition of sexual revictimization is drawn from Wyatt, Guthrieand Notgrass (1992). According to Wyatt et al. A wide range offindings have been reported, probably at least partly associated with therange of definitions, ages, and methodologies utilized. It can be seen as one more instance in which women are not incontrol of their sexual experience.Hypotheses The intent in this study is to answer one central research question.Are women who have been sexually harassed more likely to have sufferedsexual revictimization than women who report no incidents of sexualharassment as adults. Psychology Today, 21(2), 54-58.Rosenberg, M. Estimates for female children under the age of 18 who haveexperienced at least one incident of abuse ranges from 1 in 4 to 1 in 2.5among nonclinical samples (Kohn, 1987; Wyatt, 1985). There are a number of effects that have been associated with childhoodsexual abuse, including psychological, sexual, and interpersonaldifficulties (Briere, 1992). The sexual abuse of Afro-American and White-American women in childhood. Adult sexualabuse was defined as having someone expose themselves to the woman,masturbate in front of her, attempt rape, or actually rape the woman. Differential effects of women's child sexual abuse and subsequent sexual revictimization. The hypothesesare: H1: That women who have been sexually harassed are more likely tohave suffered sexual revictimization than women who report no incidents ofsexual harassment. H2: That women who have been sexually harassed and sexuallyrevictimized will have lower scores on measures of self-esteem than womenwho have not been sexually revictimized or sexually harassed. Sexual Harassment and Sexual RevictimizationBackground to the Study Over the last two decades, research studies have documentedsignificant rates of child sexual abuse among both female and malechildren. The intent is to explore whether sexual harassment ispart of a pattern of vulnerability which previously victimized womenexperience. They define sexual revictimization as at least oneincident of sexual abuse in both childhood and adulthood. (1992) and usessome of the same methods. (1985). (1992),it was pretested on two multiethnic groups and assessed for both interraterand data reliability. However, sexualharassment represents an experience in which the woman is generally in asituation of unequal power in which some aspect of sexuality is forced onher attention.Purpose of the Study The intent of this study is to determine if there is a relationshipbetween the experience of sexual harassment and the experience of sexualrevictimization. Child abuse trauma. The intent is to recruit a small matched sampleof women, with the experimental group reporting sexual revictimization andthe control group indicating no sexual revictimization (even if abuse hadoccurred in childhood, but had not been repeated). In the case of data reliability, subjects wererequestioned about demographic data from 1 to 9 months later, givingPearson correlations from .82 to 1. Shattered innocence. This instrument is designed to measure levels of self-esteem in subjects at both a baseline and current level of functioning. BibliographyBriere, J.N. (1979). One additional problem that has beenassociated with early abuse is sexual revictimization. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.Kohn, A. Concerning the self.

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