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Bathrooms
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Describes the steps & procedures needed when designing or remodeling bathrooms.... More...
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Paper Abstract:
Describes the steps & procedures needed when designing or remodeling bathrooms.

Paper Introduction:
Designing and remodeling bathrooms can be accomplished in a variety of ways for a variety of prices, from the high end which can cost many tens of thousands of dollars to the low end which can be accomplished for a few dollars. The three major components of the bathroom design are the bath, the sink, and the toilet. In addition to these, there are various accoutrements which complement the larger elements and which enhance the decoration. However, these objects themselves may be made from a variety of different materials of varying costs, from custom-made products at the high end to mass-produced products at the low end. There are certain requirements of bathroom design which apply no matter what specific materials are being used, and these design principles help the designer achieve the overall

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Bathtubs are made in all shapes and sizes, but the basic types arethe conventional tub (in recessed and corner models), the receptor tub, thedrop-in, the conventional tub with integral and surrounds, and thehydromassage tub. Hydromassage tubs are made for additionalfunctions other than for taking baths. Theseare usually more expensive because of a greater complexity in operatingprocess. San Ramon, California: Ortho Books.Harrison, R. The personnel can get any brand youdesire. The principle of form relates to the shape andstructure of the components in the design, and this includes not only shapebut size. Selection at Ardie is much more extensive, with numerous models ofeach unit, a variety of styles, and a wide range of colors. The three major components of the bathroom design are the bath,the sink, and the toilet. One-piece toilets are made with tank and bowl in one unit. Low-end places may provide little help or they may be very helpful, but thevariation is marked. However, these objects themselves may be made from a varietyof different materials of varying costs, from custom-made products at thehigh end to mass-produced products at the low end. Designers andcontractors use this store, but consumers as well find it easy to shop inthe store. High-end suppliers will provide a great deal of helpeven to the point of designing the bathroom and overseeing the work. 31). 47). Tucson, Arizona: HP Books.Sunset bathrooms: Planning & remodeling. Texturerefers to the visual and tactile surface of all the materials used. They have no tanks but usedirect water pressure for their flushing action (Harrison, 1984, p. A visit toBuilder's Emporium showed that all the necessary materials could beacquired there, but the sales personnel were not helpful. The range of available materials, styles, and prices is quite broad.One thing aside from quality and materials that may determine the pricepaid for the bathroom is the amount of help you get from the supplier. The high-end stores carry fewer lines and also custom-made goods.Martin Lane carries only two lines - Kallista and Sherle Wagner. (199 ). Wall-hung lavatories are madeof either vitreous china or enameled cast iron, but there is also a veryexpensive line of lavatories carved from solid blocks of marble, onyx, andother minerals. The Kallista models rangefrom $1, up for a sink, $4, for a bathtub, and $1,5 for a toilet.All tubs are custom-made. In addition to these, there are variousaccoutrements which complement the larger elements and which enhance thedecoration. Pattern refers to repeated shapes and regularity. Bathrooms: How to plan, install & remodel. (1984). The range forlavatories was from as low as $6 to three or four hundred. The basic toilet is also available in a wide variety of choices.There are four basic operating systems and four basic construction types.They can be either wall-hung or floor-mount models, and the bowl shape canbe either round-front or elongated. The flush-valve design is used primarily for commercialinstallations but can be installed in the home. The conventional tub with front apron comes in 4-1/2, 5,and 5-1/2-foot lengths, with typical widths of 28 to 32 inches and typicalheights from 14 to 16 inches. There were no samplesto be examined, and given the fact that the sales personnel did not knowthe book was there, you would get little help in deciding what you needed.Prices were moderate for the different units. Bathtubs sold for between$4 and $1, , with higher prices for hydromassage units. Ceramic tile is more expensive than someother wall coverings, for instance, but it requires minimum maintenance andmay thus last a lifetime. Toilets werearound $2 . Indeed, theystated that they did not sell bathtubs, but near the door was an order bookfrom which you could order bathtubs of every type. Menlo Park, California: Sunset Books.----------------------- 7 Lavatories come in wall-hung and pedestal lavatories as one broadclass, with countertop lavatories another. 15-16). Drop-in tubs are a recentdevelopment. The sales person says you pay for design and innovation. Round, rectangular, and oval lavatories are made in alltypes and in a wide range of sizes. Strong vertical lines emphasize formality anda traditional style. The store personnel are very helpful and have a great deal ofinformation to provide about the products they sell. The specificelements include line, form, scale, pattern, texture, and color. Scape is an issue of relative size among the various elements inthe room. They have no apron and are turned down on all sides so thetub can be recessed in a horizontal surface. An average bathroom runs from $15, to$2 , . Thedirection of the lines of the bathroom help create the sense of the roomthat is desired. Designing and remodeling bathrooms can be accomplished in a varietyof ways for a variety of prices, from the high end which can cost many tensof thousands of dollars to the low end which can be accomplished for a fewdollars. There are certain requirements of bathroom design which apply nomatter what specific materials are being used, and these design principleshelp the designer achieve the overall look that is desired. Economy items from reputable firms may be well made but are oftenless attractive than costlier items. Price is affected as well bydurability and aesthetic appeal. Lavatories may also be custom-made, often from a glazed-ceramicmaterial (Harrison, p. Prices are high to extremely high - the Sherle Wagner line will comewith jewels encrusted into the sink if you wish. Moreexpensive products will usually last longer, look better, and function moreefficiently. Conventional tubs have anapron only on one side for installation in a recess, or with an apron onone side and an end for installation in a corner. Receptor tubs are roughly square and builtlike a conventional tub, only shallower. Coloris a powerful design element that can transform a space and give it much ofits character (Beckstrom, 199 , p. The Zone is a very busy place. Prices are comparable tothose at Martin Lane, but selection is much broader. Designing & remodeling bathrooms. The units vary widely in price according to manufacturer, andyou can get anything from reasonable to expensive in the prefabricatedlines. The storecarries a number of different lines and brands, with coordinated bathdesigns. Countertop lavatories come in all thebasic fixture materials, including molded plastic. Vanities with basins are more expensive thanwall-hung basins (Sunset Bathrooms Planning and Remodeling, 1983, p. Selection was not extensive. Kallistais more modern and Wagner more traditional as well as the more expensiveline. Integral-surround tubs are usually molded fiberglass with wall-surround panels molded integrally with the tub to eliminate the seam wherethe tub meets the wall and to take the place of waterproofing materialrequired for the wall surround. BibliographyBeckstrom, R. Freestanding tubs are an old-style tub with claw feet. Bathroom products are usually priced according to quality. Trulylow-end prices can be paid at suppliers that simply sell the units. Shenoted that American Standard has a toilet with a vacuum-down vent for$1,7 , for poorly ventilated areas, for example. For faucets and other fittings, though, a higher price oftenreflects the expense of the finish and not the quality of the fittingitself. 42-46). Horizonal lines emphasize serenity and give a morecontemporary feel to a room. Makers of syntheticmarble and DuPont Corian offer lavatory bowls molded directly into a vanitytop. Suchplaces include chains like Builders' Emporium or HomeDepot. Toilets with a tank mounted directlyon the back of the bowl, free of the wall, is a close-coupled toilet, withthe water connection between the two parts in the shape of a cone-shapedgasket. The apron is the finished front or end panelthat extends from the tub rim to the floor.

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