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Oliver Cromwell & British Destiny
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Examines Oliver Cromwell's role in deposing & delimiting British monarchical authority & assesses the long term impact of Cromwell's rule.... More...
3 Pages / 675 Words
3 sources, 8 Citations, APA Format
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Paper Abstract:
Examines Oliver Cromwell's role in deposing & delimiting British monarchical authority & assesses the long term impact of Cromwell's rule.

Paper Introduction:
Oliver Cromwell and British Destiny Introduction: The Reformation The Reformation was a political and religious revolution that was ongoing in Europe throughout the 16th century. Turmoil was created within many European monarchies when the central tenet of state religion, in most cases Catholicism, was challenged for political or religious reasoning (Tudors and Stuarts, 1997). In England, Henry the VIII sought to break the ties to the Catholic Church in 1529. His reasoning dealt with centralizing power and obtaining an heir to the throne. In order to work his will, Henry the VIII convened a Parliament to help him draft new laws and policies. In this way, Henry the VIII set a precedent for latter clashes of power between Parliament and ruling authority.

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The success of Puritan ideals, as wielded by Cromwell, has hada lasting effect throughout the world. Cromwell maintained a largedegree of tolerance for rival denominations. In order to work his will, Henry the VIII conveneda Parliament to help him draft new laws and policies. Cromwellfound that a democratic parliamentary system run by squires and lordsoppressed the common people and was almost as corrupt as the rulership ofthe deposed evil king. He strove constantly to make England agenuinely Christian nation and the country enjoyed a brief "Golden Age"(History of western civilization, 1995). Cromwell lead a successful overthrow of thecurrent English monarchy (History of western civilization, 1995).Results of the Revolution The success of the new democracy in England was short-lived. Forerunner. Oliver Cromwell and British DestinyIntroduction: The Reformation The Reformation was a political and religious revolution that wasongoing in Europe throughout the 16th century. Both these were what we would call Puritans (History ofwestern civilization, 1995). [On-line].Available:http://www.forerunner.com/preview/x 529_bios_oliver_cromwell.htm. Many effects of that brief period had far reaching impact on England,Cromwell indeed created lasting change. In this way, Henrythe VIII set a precedent for latter clashes of power between Parliament andruling authority. [On-line].Available: http://www.idbsu.edu/courses/hy1 1/ 2.html. He stood for a nationalchurch without bishops. Also among the Puritans was an even more extreme group called theLevellers. [On-line]. The ministers might be Presbyterian, Independent,or Baptist. References Tudors and Stuarts. In England, Henry the VIII sought to break the ties to the CatholicChurch in 1529. The English people were bent upon theestablishment of a democratic parliamentary system of civil government andthe elimination of the "Divine Right of Kings." King Charles I, the tyrantwho had long persecutedEnglish Puritans by having their ears cut off and their noses slit fordefying his attempts to force episcopacy on their churches, finally clashedwith Parliament over a long ordeal with new and revolutionary ideas. The Puritan understanding of thecovenantal nature of government was the foundation for American colonialgovernment. They called for annual sessions of Parliaments, payment formembers, and the right to vote for all householders; in short, an end toprivilege based on birth. ThePuritans, or "Roundheads" as they were called, finally led a civil waragainst the King and his Cavaliers (History of western civilization, 1995). One of the chief issues concerned the Book of Common Prayer, a book ofprayers recognized by the Anglican Church as the only one legal. What Henry the VIII had done was to exchange the rulingauthority of the Catholic Church, for the ruling authority of the AnglicanChurch. Much of the conflict between king and Parliament centered aroundreligion. Dissenters were allowed to meet in churches and even RomanCatholics and Quakers were tolerated. As Commander-in-Chief of the army, he was able toseize rulership and served a term as "Lord Protector," from 1653 to 1666(History of western civilization, 1995). Another group was the Presbyterians,who wanted to reform the Anglican Church along the lines of the Scottishnational church. More of the moderates left at this time, as itbecame clear that the sentiment was to depose the king in some manner.Parliament was increasingly dominated by the radicals, led by OliverCromwell and his allies. On one side was theking and those who supported him--the Royalist party, also called theCavaliers. Thequestion is, was Cromwell ultimately effective at creating lasting change?The Conflict The appearance of change that began with Henry the VIII lingered inthe English countryside. Another sore point was access to public office, for onlyAnglicans were allowed to hold government office (History of westerncivilization, 1995). History of western civilization (1995). When Charles determined to force the Anglican prayer book on thefiercely Calvinist Scots, it sparked open rebellion. (1997). During the fifteen years in which Cromwell ruled, he drove piratesfrom the Mediterranean Sea, set English captives free, and subdued anythreat from France, Spain, and Italy. He worked for reform of morals andthe improvement of education. On another side were the Independents, who wanted to do awaywith the Anglican Church altogether. Charles was widely believed to favor Catholics, if not himselfsecretly one. His reasoning dealt with centralizing power and obtainingan heir to the throne. (1997). Cromwell made Great Britain arespected and feared power the world over. Available: http://www.rmpk.co.uk/eduweb/site/wickham/topics/tudors/stuarts.html. Oliver Cromwell was an important figure in forging alliances thatwould challenge the rule of the Anglican Church (Forerunner, 1997). English civil war. Models for Reformation. ThePuritans led the criticism of this level of state control over religiouspractice. Certainly his behavior toward Protestants in England lentcredence to the rumors. In January 1648, Cromwell, fed up with the king's behavior, denouncedCharles to Parliament. Turmoil was created withinmany European monarchies when the central tenet of state religion, in mostcases Catholicism, was challenged for political or religious reasoning(Tudors and Stuarts, 1997).

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