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TEACHING BASKETBALL FUNDAMENTALS.
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Examines principles & methods of coaches' approaches to basic skills & knowledge of the game.... More...
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Paper Abstract:
Examines principles & methods of coaches' approaches to basic skills & knowledge of the game.

Paper Introduction:
Despite the differences at various levels of basketball--professional, college, high school, grad school--there are fundamentals which must be taught at every level. The players must learn to know the score, the number of fouls, and the skill level of the opponent. They should know if the opponent is right or left-handed or whether he or she prefers to drive to the basket or shoot long. Other useful lessons include recognizing different types of defense, knowing if another player is hot or cold, maintaining eye contact, passing effectively, receiving a pass effectively, mastering shooting skills (lay-ups and rebounds), blocking out, concentrating, anticipating where the ball will bounce on a missed shot, dribbling, how to guard a man who has the ball and one who does not have the ball, when to shoot or not, stealing the ball, keeping your hands up on

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At the same time, because of the emphasis on sports today, evenyoungsters are being exposed to subtle aspects of the game. However, O'Neal is remarkable precisely because he isthe exception to the rule that even average players can be greatly improvedby a coach who knows how to teach the qualities of play and of characterwhich make up the fundamentals of the sport. You have to understand that a high variance player (like a three point shooter) can hurt you in the regular season but help you in the postseason as well as you understand that your high variance player is a senior who knows how to take the last shot in close games (Oliver 1). Without an authoritative coach whom the players trust andbelieve in as leader, the players will be lost even if they know the basicsof the game. . Works CitedAmerican Sport Education Program. . A good coach will stress fundamental basketball because receptive players will always find something new to learn. The team that makes the correct game adjustments wins (Phelps and Scanlon 173). Fundamentals, conditioning, and hard work. The effective coach knows how to teach the fundamentals of basketballnot only to individuals, but to the team as a whole, in the context ofindividuals working together as a smoothly running machine, becauseindividuals do not win games--only teams can. For example, the traditional wisdom to go for the win at the end of a close game if on the road and to go for the tie if at home is true in general, but the same mathematics that support this also support the better, deeper team going for the tie. . Creating such a teamout of individuals, after teaching and instilling in them the fundamentalsof the game, is the primary task of the coach, and it is a job which doesnot, says Goodrich, end at the end of the season: The summer is a good time to teach but few coaches do. Their great physical ability has enabled them to get by without it (Goodrich 94). . The Wizard of Westwood. This knowledge is important not only forthe sake of winning games, which can turn on a foul shot, but also for thesake of building character and playing fair (69-72). . Everyweekend one can watch a professional game in which players and coaches seemconfused over the rule governing illegal defense. In the eyes of your players, your credibility will also increase if they are confident of your knowledge of the rules (American 63). Be careful using a 1-3-1, the role of the man up top requires foot speed and the heart of a lion. The coach cannot apply coaching fundamentals effectively withoutknowing the specific strengths and weaknesses of his or her particularteam. For example, You have to be able to balance the fact that a press generally helps an underdog with the possibility that your underdog team lacks the quickness to play a press. You as a coach must have patience and a willingness to challenge your players to work past their weaknesses. That is particularly true in high school and college and should be, to a lesser extent, in the pros. Teaching remains important on all levels but is unfortunately neglected at times. . Before one writes off Wooden's "Pyramidof Success" as an idealistic collection of saintly qualities, one shouldrecall that Wooden's coaching (along with a fine collection of players)resulted in six straight national championships for his UCLA teams, eightchampionships in nine years, and three straight seasons without a loss(Chapin and Prugh 3). It is true that some fundamentals apparently cannot be taught.Consider the atrocious free throw shooting of Shaquille O'Neal, otherwiseperhaps the most overwhelming player in professional basketball in the post-Michael Jordan era. Gail Goodrich writes of the role fundamentals play in the success ofeven the greatest players, and the role the coach plays in instilling thosefundamentals. In any case, it is up tothe coach to make sure that his or her team knows the rules of the game: If you do your homework and communicate the rules well to your team, your players won't be caught unaware in games. red on Red. He made sure he was always in great shape so he could keep running and moving all the time (Holzman 77). He believed in team basketball and made up for his lack of speed and physical ability with his knowledge of the game and ability to be in the right place at the right time. The best coaches in the game seem stymiedby the situation. . Champaign,IL: Human Kinetics, 1996.Chapin, Dwight, and Jeff Prugh. Of course, the time to learn the fundamentals and apply them in suchadjustments is in practice, where fundamentals are drummed by the coachinto the players. Put them together, keep them together, and you win (Chapin and Prugh 4). A question may arise with respect to the gender of the players, butin most cases, coaches should approach their tasks without respect togender, but only to the skill level of their players: [Gender] does not matter. Of course, fundamentals cannot be executed unless the players are inshape and are ready, willing, and able to put forth their hardest effort.The biographers of John Wooden, the most successful college coach inhistory, write of their incredible subject: Some have said he is an uncomplicated man who deals only in basics and simplicities. New York: Bantam, 1987.Oliver, L. "Coaching Tips." http://www.prostar.com/web/ northshr/bb-tips.htm. Other useful lessons includerecognizing different types of defense, knowing if another player is hot orcold, maintaining eye contact, passing effectively, receiving a passeffectively, mastering shooting skills (lay-ups and rebounds), blockingout, concentrating, anticipating where the ball will bounce on a missedshot, dribbling, how to guard a man who has the ball and one who does nothave the ball, when to shoot or not, stealing the ball, keeping your handsup on defense, how to move on defense, how to execute a full-court press,double-teaming, the roles and responsibilities of each position, and muchmore (Shurtleff 1). . The basics of fouling are crucial, and the coach's responsibilityincludes teaching those basics. Theyshould know if the opponent is right or left-handed or whether he or sheprefers to drive to the basket or shoot long. The best players in the world cannot win games unless they areparts of teams that have been trained to perform the fundamentals withouthaving to take the time to think them through. Boston:Houghton Mifflin, 1973."Coaching Tips." http://www.powerbasketball.com/tips.html Nov. . . All the individuals on the team must be able toadjust to different defenses and offenses at a moment's notice, withoutstopping to consider the basics of passing, dribbling, shooting, etc.Digger Phelps, another outstanding coach, emphasizes "multiplicity," which: applies to offense, defense, and personnel. They view their positions in the way most players do--as a six-month job. . Here is famed coach RedHolzman on player (and now Presidential candidate) Bill Bradley: Bill studied the game, and his knowledge of it was as good as anybody's. Coaching Youth Basketball. If you want to improve defensive skills your players must be able to react to the ball and move their feet. They'll chart possible defenses during the game to select the best two. Goodrich addresses players and their relationships with thecoach: His primary function is to teach and yours is to learn. It's so simple, so keep it that way. Dean. To be able to adjust to different offensive attacks is the key to multiple defense. . The coach who effectively teaches the fundamentals of basketball sothat they become second nature for the players will have created for thoseplayers a distinct advantage in a fast game that requires instant changesin tactics and strategy. How a coach chooses to balance these pieces of information depends on whether he thinks his team is the "better" team (Oliver 1). Coaching basketball can involve teaching a skill as simple asdribbling, but it can also involve complexities that are related to andcomposed of those fundamentals: . At every level, fundamentals must be taught and practiced again andagain. . . . The importance of teaching the basics of the game to such an extentthat they become second nature to players, whether the players are highlytalented or mediocre, cannot be overestimated. Clearly, no matter what modern methods are used, the individualperception and decision-making of the coach himself or herself, and therelationship between the coach and the players remain the essential aspectsof coaching. O'Neal's lack of skill and confidence in free throwshooting has cost his team games. . Coaches try constantly to put game plans together--based on knowing which player can do which things at which time. Such basics, as the rules of the game, are crucial for players toknow, for example. . Nov. . Much can be done to improve a player's skills during the off-season (Goodrich 94-95). Practice footwork, court vision, and, the hardest part, increase your teams overall foot speed. http://www.tsoft.com/~deano/coach.html. Digger Phelps takes the collective talent he's given, blends his men into specific and often different roles, [and] adjusts constantly. These "characterfundamentals" include industriousness, friendship, loyalty, cooperation,enthusiasm, self-control, alertness, initiative, intentness, condition,skill, team spirit, poise, confidence, competitiveness, ambition,adaptability, faith, patience, reliability, integrity, honesty, andsincerity (Chapin and Prugh 15). The higher thelevel, the more of these aspects must be taught, and at the college andprofessional levels a good player must know all of these aspects and more. As far as the trap goes, you actually want to double team at the wings using the man on the top and the man on the bottom . "Coaching and Scouting in the Jounal of Basketball Studies. Every player must know what constitutesblocking, charging, holding, an illegal screen, reaching in, and tripping.In addition, technical and flagrant fouls must be taught, includingballhandling and time violations. Too many enter the pros today without a full command of the basics of the game. Nov. The coach must teach the basics, but he or she must instillin the players confidence that they can do their best and that rewards willflow naturally from that effort. Defense is the most important lesson to be learned. Despite the differences at various levels of basketball--professional, college, high school, grad school--there are fundamentalswhich must be taught at every level. , keep the rest moving facing the ball and denying entry pass to the post ("Coaching" 1). Chicago: Henry Regnery, 1976.Holzman, Red. For example,one coach of a 12-13 age league said, "Instead of the boring, yet stable 2-1-2 zone, we are going to try a 1-3-1 trap zone." She asked for guidanceand received this advice: If you want to become aggressive, apply full court pressure using a 1-2-1-1 combined with man-to-man defense instead of your idea of a 1-3-1. . Sprints, passing drills, basic defensive philosophy ("Coaching" 2). 11, 1999.----------------------- 1 He does his thing; he dares you [i.e., opposing teams] to stop it. Statistical methods . . To Wooden, the fundamentals of basketball do not merely includedribbling, passing, and shooting, but also the basics of what it takes tobuild character, for character is the basis of not only a good person but agood player, and good players comprise a good team. . Winning Basketball. There is an old saying that basketball players are made in the summer and teams in the fall. Obviously, all of these aspects of the game cannot and should not betaught to young children who are merely playing to have fun, learnteamwork, and develop coordination and competitive spirit. are not meant to replace traditional basketball wisdom, but to help focus a coach's decision process by answering some general questions about the game. The same holds true for offense. 11, 1999.Phelps, Richard, and Pat Scanlon. Digger Phelps and Notre Dame Basketball.Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1981.Shurtleff, Geoff. Even individuals who have learned the fundamentals of the game willnot be able to translate that knowledge or those skills into victory, theyremain individuals and do not coalesce into a team. Even at the professional level, rules change. The players must learn to know thescore, the number of fouls, and the skill level of the opponent. 11,1999.Goodrich, Gail. . . Coaches have different temperaments and ways ofestablishing their own authority, but the fundamentals of the game remainthe same. .

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