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DISCIPLINE IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL.
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Essay Subject:
Definition, theories & practices, rationale, models (Assertive & Responsibility), effects, role of parents & television, violence.... More...
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Paper Abstract:
Definition, theories & practices, rationale, models (Assertive & Responsibility), effects, role of parents & television, violence.

Paper Introduction:
Introduction A current concern of the adult population of the United States is the need for discipline within the school system (Zern, 1989, p. 311). Teachers share this concern for the need for student discipline in the schools. In a survey of teachers conducted by the National Center for Educational Statistics (Bobbitt et al., 1991) ranked student discipline and making schools safer, top priorities for school districts. Today, children who have not been taught discipline are at risk for greater trouble than just a trip to the principal's office. The first of the four main factors which contributes to a child becoming delinquent and entering criminal activity is a lack of discipline (Fry et al., 1995, p. 2). It is much easier to teach discipline at a young age than when children reach adolescence.

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Four years ago,13 , teachers in the United States were victims of robbery or theft eachmonth and another 5,2 teachers were attacked (Wager, 1992/1993, p. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. 165).The second model of discipline used frequently in progressive elementaryschools is the responsibility model. Discipline Models There are two main types of discipline policy. R. Studer, J. The school now has a shared ethical culture whichrewards good citizenship and behavior and the children are learning more. S. Schooldiscipline programs: issues and implications for school counselors.Elementary School Guidance & Counseling, 28, 163-169. Only 51.9 percent were obedient at least 9 percentof the time. Research is mixed, but their does seem to be a correlationbetween the amount of time spent viewing aggressive and violent televisionshows and aggressive behavior (Studer, 1996, p. Characteristics ofstayers, movers, and leavers: Results from the teacher followup survey,1988-89. It takes a village: And other lessonschildren teach us. To combat all levels of misconduct by students inthe classroom a teacher will need to teach his students self-control anddiscipline. These children are losing up to 36 minutes of instructionaltime from inattention or disobedience is a six hour school day. Increased viewing oftelevision has also been implicated as a possible factor of lowerintelligence (Studer, 1996, p. Downing, J. Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary. Children may believe that all problems can besolved as easily as on television with as little time and struggle. 166). (1992/1993, December/January). . (1996). Assertive Discipline is a proactive approach to solving disciplineproblems. Conclusion The need for a consistent and cohesive disciplinary policy at theelementary school level is clear. Introduction A current concern of the adult population of the United States is theneed for discipline within the school system (Zern, 1989, p. The school system isbeing forced to take on the additional responsibility of teaching childrento control their own behavior. The use of television as a baby-sitter and entertainment has also caused more problems for the schoolsystems. In a survey of teachers conducted by the National Center forEducational Statistics (Bobbitt et al., 1991) ranked student discipline andmaking schools safer, top priorities for school districts. 36-37).The school also experienced increased standardized test scores. All portions of the definition apply to elementary education.Discipline within the elementary school should be instruction, training,control, obedience, rules, self-control and considered a necessary field ofstudy. The Need for Discipline in School Parents have abrogated their job of socializing youngsters.Civilized behavior is a prerequisite for effective learning (Benshoff etal., 1994, p. The Responsibility Model adherents advocate teaching children toaccept responsibility for their own actions. It is mucheasier to teach discipline at a young age than when children reachadolescence. Timeseducational supplement, 4192, 9. (1996). (1996, November1), Times Educational Supplement, 4192, 19+. Many other cases of 12 and 13 year old childrenwho have threatened teachers in England have resulted in the child beingpermanently excluded from the school system. Violence in School The schools in this country and in other countries are becomingprogressively more violent and unsafe. Parents are no longer raising theirown children. Between 94and 99 percent of the students performed above the state's reference pointsin reading math, and written composition instead of below the norms (Wager,1992/1993, p. Fry, R., Johnson, S. Students and teachers will know what types of behaviorare acceptable and expected. This impacts thechildren and forces many into full-time child-care situations. 34). The intent and purpose of discipline within the elementary schoolsetting should be to instill self-control and respect for others andthemselves within each of the individual students. Schools are intendedfor learning. Washington, DC: National Center for Educational Statistics. The nature and extent of obedience inelementary school classrooms. The lack ofdiscipline within the school system and the unsafe atmosphere it causeshave motivated some parents to remove even their elementary school studentsfrom the public and some private school systems and educate them themselvesat home. R. In 1995 there were more than 5 killings and suicides on or near school grounds in the United States.These were part of three million reported criminal incidents ranging fromassault to weapons offenses (Epidemic, 1996, p. 'Epidemic of violence' turns schools into prisons. No more suspension:Creating a shared ethical culture. Lucerne Valley isa small rural community. The obedience model has a strong focus on behaviormodification and structure. 9). 25). When bothparents are still married, often both parents are working and the childrenare either in day-care or left unsupervised after school. 224). Hepresents his findings in a manner which implies that most children arebehaving most of the time. S. M., Melendez,, P., & Morgan R. 319). p.48). The average child in the United States is not learningdiscipline and self-control at home. 224). Aparent's guide to . Bobbitt, S., Faupel, E., & Burns, S. 195). The consequencesof irresponsible behavior by a child can lead to violence and death,unwanted pregnancy, drugs, and gang involvement. 19). The foundation for learning atschool is built while the children are students in the elementary grades.Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that children need to be exposed to adisciplined learning structure during these years. There will be rules which everyone must follow for effectiveinteraction. 165).Between 1975 and 199 there were an estimated 8 , teachers trained inAssertive Discipline techniques of setting clear behavioral limits andconsequences, providing consistent follow through, and rewardingappropriate behavior. The reasons for children not coming to school ready tolearn are multiple. Today, childrenwho have not been taught discipline are at risk for greater trouble thanjust a trip to the principal's office. It places heavy emphasis on assertiveteacher behavior, rules, and consequences (Benshoff, 1994, p. Evidence of a Lack of Discipline A study completed by David S. Thenumber of infants under one year of age in day-care has risen to abovefifty percent (Clinton, 1996, p. Other indications of a lack of discipline within the school system isthe falling SAT scores, the high rates of illiteracy found in bothelementary and high schools, inadequacies in math and science, and theinability of students who graduate from the school system to satisfy theminimal requirements of employment (Wager, 1992/1993, p. Webster's dictionary defines discipline as: 1: PUNISHMENT 2: INSTRUCTION 3: a subject that is taught: a field of study 4: Training that corrects, molds, or perfects the mental faculties or moral character 5a: control gained by enforcing obedience or order b: orderly or prescribed conduct or pattern of behavior c: SELF-CONTROL 6: a rule or system of rules governing conduct or activity.The first definition gives the common conception of discipline aspunishment. Headlines have shown that a child as young as thirdgrade tore several ligaments in his teacher's thumb (Wager, 1992/1993, p.34). Clinton, H. 37). The type of disciplinesystem a school institutes is not as important as having a disciplineprogram in place. (1996, November 2 ). Wager, B. Zern (1991) attempts to quell theuproar over a lack of discipline in the elementary school classroom. Twenty-two million more children between five and fourteen are also insubstitute care when they are not in school (Clinton, 1996, p. 28). Assertive Discipline is the most widely recognized and used model ofthe obedience model of discipline. (1983). New York: Touchstone. 195). It is important to realize that discipline in school involves morethan punishment. References Benshoff, J., Poldevant, J. 165). 37). Zern, D. These incidents are not limited by economic orgeographic demographics. Teaching of this set of rules will enablestudents to gain a measure of self-control and respect for others andthemselves. The structure will enableeveryone at the school to build a common heritage or school culture andenhance learning. (1991). These rules and the structure of the class and school willneed to be taught or trained into the students. Kohn, A. Establishing a discipline plan in elementaryphysical education. M., & Cashwell, C. changing destructive adolescent behavior (5th).Ontario, CA.: Alternative Resources. Thesestudents miss may miss over an hour of instruction each day. Understanding and preventing aggressiveresponses in youth. Boys return shuts school. At one school where a obedience-based discipline program wasinstituted there were 1 6 suspensions for disciplinary reasons before theprogram was begun and only a few afterward (Wager, 1992/1993, p. 34).The violence has escalated in the intervening four years. There are1 million children in day-care in the United States under the age of five. EducationWeek, 16, 48+. (1996, November 1). Society as a whole is neglecting theethical and character development of its children. Thirty years agoonly one child in five was in day-care (Clinton, 1996, p. The violence has become so extreme that the fear itgenerates for some students has grown to the point that they drop out ofthe school system in order to avoid the perceived and real danger ofcontinuing their education (Epidemic, 1996, p. Only 8 percent of the class on average behaves 8 percent of the time. In atleast one case the school was closed by a single child. 19). The obedience modelis used more often by schools with a traditional philosophy. At the least, the impact of viewing violentprograms has been show to desensitize individuals to tragedies. Each time theteacher is forced to correct a student's behavior during class time thewhole class looses instructional minutes. H. (1995). It must be taught. Eighty-two percent ofthe school districts in America report a yearly increase of violence withineach of the last five years (Epidemic, 1996, p. 224). This means that the average child is disobedient 13.6percent of the time. The first of the four main factorswhich contributes to a child becoming delinquent and entering criminalactivity is a lack of discipline (Fry et al., 1995, p. What his data revealed was that the averagelevel of obedience for children while in school is 86.3 percent (Zern,1991, p. Proponents of the Responsibility Model claim that AssertiveDiscipline is "a collection of bribes and threats whose purpose is toenforce rules that the teacher alone devises and imposes" (Kohn, 1996. Beyond discipline: Whether assertiveor 'logical,' consequences fail to promote ethical development. Effectivelearning cannot take place amongst chaos. Self-control is not aheritable trait. When the child's parents are at home the television is often used toentertain the children because the parents are too tired or busy tointeract, talk, and parent their children. The consequence of these behaviors by parents is that the schoolsare left with the job of educating and parenting many of the childrengrowing up today. Educational Leadership, 5 , 34-37. Whitehead, M. It is up to the school districts toteach the necessary skills for good character development beginning inelementary school. Elementary School Guidance & Counseling, 3 , 194-227. (1996). 195). Teachers in the United States face the same discipline problems asteachers in England but do not have the power to close the school becauseof student violence. In the 195 s most families were still intact units.Today about half of all marriages end in divorce. (1991). Its focus is to help studentsunderstand and accept personal responsibility for their own behavior(Benshoff et al., 1994, p. 311).Teachers share this concern for the need for student discipline in theschools. (1994). Thismay lead children to believe that their struggles should be resolved asquickly and without cost to themselves; when this does not happen,frustration may be the result with the child acting out in inappropriateways. It implies that there will be a structure to the learningenvironment. The direction of these correlationshas not been determined. In England the situation has deteriorated to the point that someschools have been closed because of unruly and violent students. These statistics help explainthe falling test scores; the students are receiving less instruction foreach day spent in class. . Class rules are critical to the development ofan organizational structure which will be conducive to a decrease inmanagerial and behavior problems (Downing, 1996, p. The goal for theseindividuals is to help students become ethical people who are capable ofdeciding how they should act toward themselves and other people (Kohn,1996, p. The teachers atMatthew Wilson's school all refused to teach the child and went on strike(Whitehead, 1996, p. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance,67, 25-3 . Research on responsibility-based approaches to schooldiscipline have identified several positive effects from use: improvedlearning, more positive school climate, and fewer discipline problems(Benshoff, 1994, p. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 152(3), 311-325.----------------------- 1 For these reasons it is important that discipline be activelytaught in school during the elementary years. The lack of discipline in school systemsand in society has severe consequences for youth today. It mayalso lead students to view glamorous lifestyles, material goods, and othervalue systems as better than those they see at home or around themselves(Studer, 1996, p. 2). 19). In Lucerne Valley last year, several sixth grade students conspiredto poison their teacher and placed her in the hospital. It is basedon two premises: the first is that teachers and authorities tell thestudents what is permissible, and the second is that punishment is aneffective intervention for misbehavior (Benshoff et al., 1994, p.

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