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LABOR PARTICIPATION RATE.
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Multiple regression analysis of demographics & proportion of population older than 16 included in labor force. Charts.... More...
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Paper Abstract:
Multiple regression analysis of demographics & proportion of population older than 16 included in labor force. Charts.

Paper Introduction:
LABOR PARTICIPATION AS A FUNCTION OF SELECTED VARIABLES: A MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS This research assesses the labor participation rate in the United States as a function of selected demographic factors. The labor participation rate is the proportion of the non institutionalized population aged 16 and over that is included in the civilian labor force, i.e., the proportion of that population segment that seeks paid employment (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1994). The demographic factors selected for the assessment of the labor participation rate were as follows: 1. The proportion of African Americans in the total population. The U.S. Department of Labor publications refer to African Americans as “blacks.” Thus, the term “blacks” is used in the remainder of this research report.

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4. Thus, the top line at the right side of the chartrepresents high school graduates, while the second line represents thelabor participation rate, and so forth down to new immigrants as the bottomline on the chart. U.S. 6. Trends for the dependent and independent variables areillustrated in Chart 1, which may be found below on this page.[pic] The lines on the chart reflect the variables indicated on the rightside of the chart based on the intersection of the lines with the rightborder of the chart. The multiple regression analysis was performed through the applicationof the SPSS (Statistical package for the Social Sciences) program to thedata collected. The criterion for rejection of the null in this research was p<. In the testing of hypotheses,multiple regression provides the data by which researchers may eitherreject or not reject the null forms of the hypotheses being tested. The proportion of the total population that is aged 65 orolder. The proportion of women in the civilian labor force. The number of new immigrants as a proportion of the totalpopulation. C., & Patterson, J. The labor participation rate will increase as the number ofnew immigrants as a proportion of the total population increases. Economics and Statistics Administration, Bureau of the Census, U.S.Department of Commerce. 3Blacks .143 .181 .857College 1, 16 6, 93 . Durbin-Watson = 1.3 7________________________________________________________________ With respect to the hypotheses of the relationship between thedependent and the six independent variables, as the t-statistic andsignificance data presented in Chart 2 indicate, the null could be rejectedon in relation to only two variables-the proportion of persons aged 65years old or older in the population and the proportion of persons with afour-year college degree in the population. The hypothesized relationships between the dependent variableand each of the independent variables were as follows: 1. (1995,July). This hypothesizedrelationship is based on the assumption that women entering the labor forcewill not be offset by reduced participation in the labor force by someother population segment. Multivariate analysis procedures includes those techniques that focuson the structure of simultaneous relationships among three or morevariables. 2. High School - .12 - 1,532 .134Immigrants - 1,64E- 2 - .255 .8 Women 2,875E- 2 .728 .471 R2 = .989 F (6, 38) = 561.358 Significance of F = . The results of the multiple regression analysis aresummarized in Chart 2. Statistical methodsfor business and economics. (1995). 5. APPENDIX[pic][pic] REFERENCES Pfaffenberger, R. Employment and earnings. The labor participation rate will decrease as the proportionof blacks in the total population increases. Thishypothesized relationship is based on the data since 198 that indicatesthat the labor participation rate for persons completing high school isslightly lower than that of civilian labor force as a whole (Economics andStatistics Administration, 1995). Government PrintingOffice. Department of Labor publications refer to African Americans as"blacks." Thus, the term "blacks" is used in the remainder of thisresearch report. The time period selected for this assessment of labor participationwas 195 through 1994. The labor participation rate will increase as the proportionof women in the civilian labor force increases. The U.S. Multiple regression is used as aninferential tool in hypothesis testing. Multiple regression is a generalstatistical technique through which one can analyze the relationshipbetween a dependent or criterion variable and a set of independent orpredictor variables. Multiple regression may be viewed either as adescriptive tool by which the linear dependence of one variable on othersis summarized and decomposed, or as an inferential tool by which therelationships in the population are evaluated from the examination ofsample data (Pfaffenberger & Patterson, 1995). 2. Washington: U.S. The laborparticipation rate is the proportion of the non institutionalizedpopulation aged 16 and over that is included in the civilian labor force,i.e., the proportion of that population segment that seeks paid employment(Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1994). 5.Hypothesis acceptance required both the rejection of the null and adirectional relationship between the dependent and independent variable aspredicted. This hypothesized relationship is based on the data since 198 that indicates that the labor participation rate for persons with four-yearcollege degrees is higher than that of population segments with lowerlevels of formal educational attainment (Economics and StatisticsAdministration, 1995). 6. Multivariate tests ofindependence include multidimensional scaling, latent structure analysis,latent class analysis, cluster analysis, and two variants of factoranalysis (Pfaffenberger & Patterson, 1995). The chart may be found below on this page.Chart 2Multiple Regression Results Summary________________________________________________________________Dependent Variable: Labor Participation RateVariable B Coefficient t Statistic SignificanceConstant 63,765 9,681 . This hypothesizedrelationship is based on the data since 198 that indicates that the laborparticipation rate for blacks is lower than that of the majority whitepopulation segment (Economics and Statistics Administration, 1995). Data were obtained on an annual basis for each yearin the 45-year period. For this multiple regression analysis, this range was 1.23-to-1.85. LABOR PARTICIPATION AS A FUNCTION OF SELECTED VARIABLES: A MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS This research assesses the labor participation rate in the UnitedStates as a function of selected demographic factors. The choice among these techniques depends in part on thefocus of the statistical analysis-dependence or independence. The labor participation rate will decrease as the proportionof persons completing high school in the total population increases. Government Printing Office. For the null hypothesis of autocorrelation to be true, the Durban-Watsonstatistic is expected to be 2. The demographic factors selected forthe assessment of the labor participation rate were as follows: 1. Multivariatetests of dependence include multiple regression, discriminate analysis,canonical analysis, multiple classification analysis, automatic interactiondetection, and multivariate analysis of variance. In this analysis, the labor participation rate was the dependentvariable, while each of the six demographic factors was an independentvariable. (1995, September). Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. The labor participation rate as a function of the selected demographicfactors was assessed through the application of multiple regressionanalysis to the data collected. 3. Statistical abstract of theUnited States 1995. The proportion of African Americans in the total population. Thishypothesized relationship is based on an assumption that the proportion ofnew immigrants who seek employment will be greater than that for theexisting resident population (Economics and Statistics Administration,1995). 4. If thenull form of an hypothesis is rejected, then, by inference, the hypothesismay be accepted; and, conversely, if the null form of an hypothesis cannotbe rejected, then, by inference, the hypothesis may be rejected(Pfaffenberger & Patterson, 1995). Because the null could not berejected in relation to the remaining four hypotheses, these hypotheseswere rejected at this point. H. The labor participation rate will decrease as the proportionof persons aged 65 years old and older in the total population increases.This hypothesized relationship is based on the data since 197 thatindicates that the labor participation rate for persons aged 65 years oldand older is substantially lower than that of civilian labor force as awhole (Economics and Statistics Administration, 1995). With respect to the hypotheses involving persons aged 65 years old andolder and persons with four-year college degrees, as the B coefficient datapresented in Chart 2 indicate, the direction of the relationships betweenthe dependent variable and each of the two independent variables was aspredicted by the hypotheses. Washington: U.S. As the Durbin-Watson statistic for this multiple regression analysis waswithin this range, the autocorrelation test based on the Durban-Watsonstatistic is considered to be inconclusive. The labor participation rate will increase as the proportionof persons with four-year college degrees in the total populationincreases. Further, the F statistic significance, aspresented in Chart 2, indicates that the multiple dependent-independentrelationship was statistically significant at p<. Multiple regression is used as a descriptive tool in three types ofsituations: to develop a self-weighting estimating equation by which topredict values for a dependent variable; to control for confoundingvariables so as to better evaluate the contribution of other variables; andto test explicit causal theories. The proportion of four-year college graduates in the totalpopulation. The proportion of high school graduates in the totalpopulation. Age 65+ - .764 - 3,164 . (5th ed.). 3. The Durbin-Watson statistic, as stated in Chart 2, however, was 1.3 7. Department of Commerce. The R2 of .989, as presented in Chart 2, indicates that the sixindependent variables as a group predicted 98.9 percent of the change inthe dependent variable. and must be outside a prescribed dL-dUrange. Homewood, Illinois: Richard D.Irwin, Inc. Therefore, as each of the decision criteriafor the acceptance of these two hypotheses were fulfilled, the hypothesesby inference were accepted. There is a wide variety of multivariate procedures available tothe researcher. 5. 5.

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