For more information
Call 1-800-351-0222
Call 1-800-351-0222
CHIAPAS REVOLT IN MEXICO.
Term Paper ID:21771
Get This Paper Free! or
Essay Subject:
Examines 1994 uprising in context of international conflict resolution theories (realist, structuralist, globalist).... More...
6 Pages / 1350 Words
16 sources, 31 Citations,
APA Format
$24.00
More Papers on This Topic
Paper Abstract:
Examines 1994 uprising in context of international conflict resolution theories (realist, structuralist, globalist).
Paper Introduction:
INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT RESOLUTION AND
THE CHIAPAS REVOLT IN MEXICO
Introduction
This research examines the revolt of the Mayas in Chiapas State in Mexico in 1994 within the context of international conflict resolution. The paradigms realist, structuralist, and globalist of international conflict resolution theory are defined, and the actors in the Chiapas action are evaluated within the contexts of these paradigms.
Defining the Paradigms
There are several approaches to the assessment of international political relations. One approach posits that cultural traditions provide the best basis for understanding motivations for policy (Skidmore and Smith, 1989, p. 9). A
Text of the Paper:
The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper.
Skidmore, Thomas E., and Peter H. Political realism holds that universal moral principles cannot be appliedto the actions of states in their abstract universal formulation, but thatthey must be filtered through the concrete circumstances of time and place(p. 295-336. World Health, p.18. (1994, November 2 ). 1121-1137. Political realism does not require, nor does it condoneindifference to political ideals and moral principles, but it does requiresa sharp distinction between the desirable and the possible (Morgenthau,1988, p. Another approach to the analysis of international politicalrelations, thus, is rationalism. The significance ofstructure is that actors differently juxtaposed and combined behavedifferently in interacting and produce different outcomes (p. Globe and Mail (Toronto), p. Summary This research examined the revolt of the Mayas in Chiapas State inMexico in 1994 within the context of international conflict resolution.The paradigms--realist, structuralist, and globalist--of internationalconflict resolution theory were defined, and the actors in the Chiapasaction were evaluated within the contexts of these paradigms. 223). 17). The Gaia Peace Atlas. One approach posits that cultural traditions providethe best basis for understanding motivations for policy (Skidmore andSmith, 1989, p. Although this charge continuesto be made by conservative governments in the United States, the UnitedKingdom, and Germany, the political leaders in those countries have learnednot to risk a loss of public support through direct, harsh attacks onAmnesty International. The Mayan rebels in Chiapas State were assuming the globalist mantlein the dispute. 1 ). One of the NGOs involved in the Chiapas affair was AmnestyInternational, an organization that conducts independent investigations ofhuman rights abuses, and presents its findings the United nationsCommission on Human Rights ("Anarchy," 1994, p. Political realism does not require, nor does itcondone indifference to political ideals and moral principles, but it doesrequires a sharp distinction between the desirable and the possible (p. (1984). Report on British Broadcasting Corporation World Service.----------------------- 9 The Chiapas rebels, asglobalists, demanded a redistribution of resources and power ("Zapatist,"1994). 81). (Ed.).Between Power and Plenty: Foreign Economic Policies of Advanced IndustrialNations. Langfield, Martin. Globe and Mail (Toronto), p. Such action, however, would have compromisedthe international position of Mexico, an outcome that the Mexicangovernment was not willing to accept. The Mexican government was confronted with the ChiapasRevolt in the wake of the American ratification of the North American FreeTrade Agreement. Smith. Murray, Kieran. Global problems and resource constraints,it is contended have created pressing issues the solution of which arebeyond the means of self-serving nation-states (p. Rogowski, Ronald. (1994, November 18). Injuries reported in 'violent' clashesbetween police and Chiapas Indians. 158). A26. 88). 38-59) designated as"the second image" hypothesis. 7). The second image hypothesis holds contrarily that theinternational relations policy of an actor tends to be a product ofdomestic political structures and pressures (Katzenstein, 1978, pp. 1121-1137). The primary roles of NGOs in the conduct ofinternational relations are to counter vested interests with respect todisarmament, environmental protection, the transfer of resources from thehaves to the have-nots, and the protection and promotion of human rights(p. 6). Chiapas rebels ready formore war, leader says. Guardian(London), p. --- (1994, November 22). Seattle Times, p. 38-59). )1988). After hegemony. Nusser, Nancy. 3). The research determined that the Mexican federal government assumedthe realist position in the dispute in Chiapas, while the NGOs and theRoman Catholic Church pursued structuralist solutions to the issues. INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT RESOLUTION AND THE CHIAPAS REVOLT IN MEXICO Introduction This research examines the revolt of the Mayas in Chiapas State inMexico in 1994 within the context of international conflict resolution.The paradigms--realist, structuralist, and globalist--of internationalconflict resolution theory are defined, and the actors in the Chiapasaction are evaluated within the contexts of these paradigms. In contemporary transnational society, politicians can no longerafford to ignore NGOs (p. Anarchy follows peasants' revolt. --- (1994, November 21). Politics among nations: The struggle forpower and peace, 8th ed. Evaluation of the Chiapas Actors The realist paradigm holds that human nature must be accepted as itactually is, and that actors must deal with political processes as theyactually occur. Conclusion: Domestic structures andstrategies in foreign economic policy. 223). J. Political realism holds thatuniversal moral principles cannot be applied to the actions of states intheir abstract universal formulation, but that they must be filteredthrough the concrete circumstances of time and place (p. The theory of politicalrealism holds that international relations is the concept of interestdefined in terms of power. 158). (1994, November 24). Two important hypotheses in international relations theory are thesystemic hypothesis and what Kenneth Waltz (1979, pp. The transnational protection of theenvironment, and the transnational heightened awareness of human rightsabuses may be attributed more than anything else to the activities of NGOs(p. NGOs in the truest sense of the concept are contributing in asignificant way to the creation of a global society (Dick, 1991, p. American Political Science Review, 81: pp. The globalists in Chiapas enlisted the aid of the wider body ofnations ("Tension," 1994, p. (1987). (1991). 85). (199 ). 18). The realistapproach was adopted by the Mexican government. Thesepressures are applied through the mobilization of transnational publicopinion, which, in turn, is mobilized through the publication of activitieswhich national governments would usually prefer to keep secret, or, atleast, to ignore. Princeton, New Jersey:Princeton University Press. (1989). --- (1994, November 22). 3). Waltz, Kenneth N. Theory of international politics. 7). It is within the context of the rational approach that the globalisttheory is applied in the conduct of international relations. Individuals who support NGOs tend to holdthe opinion that "governments tend to excess bureaucracy, power seeking andinflexible attitudes . 3. NGOs fulfill their roles in the conduct of international relations byapplying pressures on national governments (Barnaby, 1988, p. Dick, B. Tension mounts in Mexican southeast overelections. 295-336). New York: Oxford University Press. 223). TheMayan rebels in Mexico's Chiapas State reached beyond the borders of Mexicoto pursue their objectives through a globalist strategy. Political structure is defined bythe ordering principle, the specification of functions among units, and thedistribution of capabilities (Waltz, 1979, pp. The Mexican government likely would have preferred to havequashed the Chiapas rebels. Katzenstein, Peter J. Morgenthau, H. Report on British BroadcastingCorporation World Service. Barnaby, F. (Ed.). (1978). Modern LatinAmerica. A third alternative is the approach holding the world, imperfect asit is from the rational point of view, is the result of forces inherent inhuman nature (Morgenthau, 1988, p. Defining the Paradigms There are several approaches to the assessment of internationalpolitical relations. 81). References --- (1994, November 25). The rebels were pressing for a solution to the problemsthey faced by casting the issues outside of Mexico into the global arena(Langfield, 1994, p. Globe and Mail (Toronto), p. 84). ." (p. . (1979). Globalists contend that resource constraints havecreated pressing issues the solution of which are beyond the means of self-serving nation-states (Gilpin, 199 , p. Zapatist leader Marcos says rebels readyto go to war. 17. Thegovernment accepted the realist proposition that interest was defined interms of power. 223). Tabasco vote to test Mexico'sSalinas, Zedillo. Old fight awaits new president. (1988). This approach is based upon a premisethat a rational and moral political order, derived from universally validabstract principles, can be achieved here and now (Morgenthau, 1988, p. NGOs have proved their worth. Gilpin, Robert. 6. New York: Knopf. In Chiapas, both Amnesty International and the Roman Catholic Churchreported the violence that occurred, although such reports were not made bythe Mexican government ("Injuries," 1994). Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, pp. As stated earlier, the significance of structure is that actorsdifferently juxtaposed and combined behave differently in interacting andproduce different outcomes (Waltz, 1979, p. A frequent criticismleveled at Amnesty International is that it lacks political balance, thatit is primarily a left-wing organization. 1 ). Keohane, Robert O. Opposition to the Agreement in the United States wasstrong, and the Mexican government was not prepared to take any action thatmight jeopardize the American action on the North American Free TradeAgreement. 9). Modern science,advances in knowledge, and social technologies permit a more rationalapproach to the solution of problems (p. NewYork: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. Globalists contend that new types of transnational actors moreresponsive to modern science, technology, and economics have broken themonopoly of the state in the management and governance of the internationalsystem (Gilpin, 199 , p. A26). Structure means the form of the interrelationships of the actors in agiven situation (Gilpin, 199 , p. War and change in world politics.Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. London: DoubledayBooks. 4. 3). This alternative perception holdsfurther that the conduct of international relations must, therefore, berealistic, must accept human nature as it actually is, and must deal withpolitical processes as they actually occur. Non Governmental Organizations(NGOs) and the Roman Catholic Church were actively involved in the Chiapassituation. In Katzenstein, Peter J. 117). A second approach is based in the contention thatpolitical outcomes are linked to socioeconomic causes (p. Structure means the form of the interrelationships of the actors in agiven situation (Gilpin, 199 , p. The systemic hypothesis, thus, posits that the sources of an actor'smotivations for international actions are external in character, while thesecond image hypothesis holds that such sources are internal in character. TheNGOs were pursuing a structuralist solution to the issues at contest inMexico's Chiapas state. The systemic hypothesis holds generallythat the international relations policy of a given actor tends to be aproduct of the international regime of which it is a part (Rogowski, 1987,pp. 85). Political cleavages and changing exposureto trade. The globalistapproach demands a redistribution of resources and power (Keohane, 1984, p.255). The federal government of Mexico accepted the reality ofthe revolt of the Mayas in Chiapas State (Nusser, 1994, p. Both organizations demanded arestructuring of the Mexican political system to distribute greaterpolitical power to the Maya people in Chiapas (Murray, 1994, p. 9). 4).
If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again:
or
We can write a Custom Essay just for you.
Browse Essays by Subject