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MIDDLE-SCHOOL RECREATION PROGRAM.
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For grades 4 through 7. Funding & general plan for adventure playground. Table.... More...
5 Pages / 1125 Words
10 sources, 11 Citations, APA Format
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Paper Abstract:
For grades 4 through 7. Funding & general plan for adventure playground. Table.

Paper Introduction:
A Middle School Recreation Program According to professionals in the field, recreation and the closely related areas of athletics and physical education make great contributions to the physical and mental health, as well as general happiness and well-being of people. Athletics and physical education help people of all ages live healthy, satisfying, and energetic lives. The science and skill of movement aims to (1) develop maximum physical efficiency, (2) develop physical skill and knowledge about how to use these skills, (3) act in socially cooperative ways, and (4) enjoy healthy physical recreation (The Athletic Institute, 1974, p. 1). A sound school program requires daily instruction and participation in all types of activities to develop strength, endurance, coordination, flexibility and pleasure essential for

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A Middle School Recreation Program According to professionals in the field, recreation and the closelyrelated areas of athletics and physical education make great contributionsto the physical and mental health, as well as general happiness and well-being of people. (Ed.) (1972). For purposes of discussion, this paper describes a hypotheticalmiddle school recreation program for a rural school situated in a smalltown. (1988, October). C. Department of Health, Education and Welfare (1955). Varied sources may provide finances for the recreation program. (1989, February). Englewood Cliffs,New Jersey: Prentice Hall. (198 ). The American School Board Journal, 175, pp. References Annarino, A. Curriculumtheory and design in physical education. Other more conventional sources of revenue include local taxesand earnings from investments, grants-in-aid, revenue from the state onbehalf of the school district, federal grants, and sale of unneeded assets(Hartman, 1988, 67). TheShawnee Mission, Kansas, School District successfully passed a bond issuedirectly on the heels of a tax increase for schools. 139144. One small community of 8 , Medora,Indiana, raised $3.5 million for a new gymnasium, computer lab, sciencelab, and band room, a massive community effort to keep its own school,rather than consolidate with a neighboring community school (Cole, 1988,141). Recreation enriches living by enabling individuals to seek outletsfor self-expression and thereby experience satisfaction from adventure,fellowship, skill mastery, and the joy in creation, all of which add tohuman happiness. W. Phi Delta Kappan, 7 , pp. Adventure playgrounds. Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5Salaries(for 2teachers) $4 , $42,4 $44,944 $47,641 $5 ,499Medical& vision 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, Dental 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, Disabilityinsurance 14 14 14 14 14 Lifeinsurance 12 12 12 12 12 Pupilphysicaleducationcosts($5 x 275) 1,375 1,375 1,375 1,375 1,375Totals $45,63 $48, 35 $5 ,579 $53,276 $56,134In actuality, expenditures for all items would increase slightly each ofthe five years, but for purposes of simplicity and clarity they haveremained the same each of the five years, except for salaries. Louis: The C. Chicago. of which would be allocated toward physical education (Hartman, 1988,115-116). Thesedramatic environments are more similar to what one might think of as apreschool play area, but in fact, children of all ages need considerablefreedom to construct, explore, and act out. Nesbit, W. V. Planning facilities for athletics,physical education and recreation. MosbyCompany. A conventional physical education curriculum theory textbook yields abroad array of movement activities and developmental information regardingmiddle school youngsters. The school's need received widecoverage in the press and sparked much dialogue and community involvement(Chopra, 1988, 26). U.S. (1988, Late Winter). A sound school program requires daily instruction and participationin all types of activities to develop strength, endurance, coordination,flexibility and pleasure essential for optimum functioning in work andplay. The Athletic Institute (1974). It is typical that in rural communities, salaries are rather lowfor teachers, but higher than those of the other local residents (farmers,artisans, factory workers, and merchants). Other employee expenses are dental ($5 ),disability insurance ($7 ), and life insurance ($6 ). New York:Praeger Publishers. 1). Research also shows that communities in need of schoolfunding have successfully established foundations to support the schools(Edwards, 1989; Nesbit, 1987). Wilcox, R. The science and skill ofmovement aims to (1) develop maximum physical efficiency, (2) developphysical skill and knowledge about how to use these skills, (3) act insocially cooperative ways, and (4) enjoy healthy physical recreation (TheAthletic Institute, 1974, p. 1). Bengtsson, A. A good balanced program would include aquatics,games and sports, rhythmical activities and dance, gymnastics, healtheducation, outdoor education, and recreational opportunities withappropriate modification for the various maturational levels within thegrades four through seven (Annarino, Cowell, & Hazelton, 198 , 117-165).An optimum recreation program also includes parent participation at everystage of the planning through to the result of pleasurable involvement withtheir children in healthy activities both at home and at school (Wilcox,1988, 19). Volunteercommunity labor, older industrial arts students, and donated and foundmaterials (tires, ropes, railroad ties) can create a no-cost wonderfulplace for child explorers. A., Cowell, C. This type of effort could very well be theanswer for the hypothetical middle school recreation program, providedthere is sufficient community leadership to work with the school on theproject. C., & Hazelton, H. K. The main costs for the recreation program would be the salaries ofthe two full-time teachers and expenditures for physical educationsupplies. How we passed a bond issue hard on theheels of a tax hike. Athletics and physical education help people of all ageslive healthy, satisfying, and energetic lives. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1955, 12). (1988, June). School district budgeting. From "wish list" to reality.American School & University, 61, pp. There is aplayground with some playground equipment. These healthy outlets preventvandalism and other negative expressions of frustrated energy. The Physical Educator, 45, No. This paper explores ideas forthe implementation of a balanced program for such a school and suggests atypical financial plan and budget for five years. Promoting parents as partners inphysical education. Teaching in a time machine: The 'make-do'mentality in small-town schools. T. This particular school has no gymnasium. Establishing a local educationfoundation. The concept of "adventure playground" may be helpful in modifying theplay yard to suit the school's recreational needs. (1988). Chopra, R. The student enrollment numbers about 275, including grades fourthrough seven. Office of Education. Two full-time physical education teachers staff therecreation and physical education program. 19-23.----------------------- 7 The position of this paper is to view the areas of athletics,physical education, and recreation as so closely related that they arevirtually indistinguishable from each other, at least at the middle schoollevel. St. In smaller communities,teachers are viewed as professionals and expected to be compensatedaccordingly (U.S. Edwards, M. This effort happenedwith a great deal of public support from businesses and volunteers whoactively campaigned in the community. 3 -31. Tax leviesmay not be sufficient to cover the costs of public schooling. However,loyalty and community pride often run very strong and deep in small schoolsand communities, and surprising results may manifest when the communityrallies around a common purpose. Hartman, W. It is estimated that the two teachers would earn a salary ofapproximately $2 , each year with a 6% increase each of the four yearsafter the first year. A typical middleschool spends $82 per year per pupil for supplies and equipment, about$5. The play yard is used by olderstudents and neighborhood adults for recreational purposes after school andduring weekends. The aim is health,confidence, and character development (The Athletic Institute, 1974, p. E. Raising funds for public school programming is a complex task,particularly in rural areas where income may typically be low. B. Recreation is a kind of experience rather than specificactivities. (1987, May). 21-23. Various enclosures and different levels provide places wherechildren can freely develop self-confidence and manipulate space andmaterials without too much adult intrusion (Bengtsson, 1972, 8). Selectedindexes of rural school finance in the United States. 26-29. The Education Digest, 52, pp. Medical and vision expenditures per teacher areestimated at $15 per year. More common in Europe,the adventure playground experiments replace conventional playgroundequipment with more creative environments as a setting for children tosatisfy their deep urges to experiment with earth, fire, water, andtimbers. 1, pp. Cole, B. A comprehensive recreation program may include games andsports, music, dance, arts and crafts, drama, social activities, outdooractivities, hobbies and community service projects.

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