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Focuses on Muslim's views of Judaism & Christianity.

In the seventh century a religious movement was born in the interior of what is now Saudi Arabia. Within two decades, surprising for that time in par... more

In the seventh century a religious movement was born in the interior of what is now Saudi Arabia. Within two decades, surprising for that time in particular, the fledgling movement gathered momentum and rapidly grew out of the Arabic peninsula until it held social and political dominance over the sur-rounding regions of the contemporary Middle East. This paper will deal with that movement, known as Islam, from its historical beginnings to its relevance to the contem-porary world. The paper will being by giving an overview of both basic Islamic history and belief, and will then turn to an analysis of contemporary Muslim society, with particular emphasis on Islam's view of both Judaism and Christianity. The paper will then conclude with some of the contemporary issues that surround the Islamic world, and the projected concerns that face

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Origins, major ideas & importance of ascetic & mystical Islamic religion in society & politics of turbulent era in Western Asia.

SUFISM 1100-1700 This research paper evaluates the importance of Sufism in the religion, society and politics of Islamic western Asia during the 12th... more

SUFISM 1100-1700 This research paper evaluates the importance of Sufism in the religion, society and politics of Islamic western Asia during the 12th through the 17th centuries. Sufism represented the tradition of Islamic asceticism and mysticism, the spiritual and intellectual foundations of which first developed in the 7th century and were firmly laid in the later years of the Abbasid caliphate (750-1258). During the period of political disunity which followed the disintegration of the great Arab empire, the Sufi brotherhoods played a significant role in the Islamicization of that empire and its conquerors and successors. Through its teachings and practices, Sufism became an important catalyst for the extension of Islam at all levels, especially in the conversion of infidels and the establishment of Muslim culture at

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Life, personal, political & spiritual evolution, role in rise of Black Muslims, impact of trips to Africa.

Malcolm X was one of the most influential Afro-American leaders of the Black Nationalism movement in America. An advocate of vigorous self-defense ag... more

Malcolm X was one of the most influential Afro-American leaders of the Black Nationalism movement in America. An advocate of vigorous self-defense against white violence, Malcolm X is considered an early influence on the black power movement in the late 1960s. Malcolm went from illiterate convict to minister of the Harlem mosque wtihin one year of joining Elijah Muhammad and the Nation of Islam. As a direct result of his efforts, the Nation of Islam became the most well known and controversial black organization in the United States. Malcolm Little was born on May 19, 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska. The family moved from Omaha to Milwaukee shortly after Malcolm’s birth, then to Lansing, Michigan. Following his father’s death, Malcolm lived in a number of foster homes. Finally, he was sent to Roxbury, Massachusetts to live with his half-sister, Ella.

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Examines how organizations contributed to stability and/or change in Islamic society, militarization, role of elites, schisms & sects, role of Sufis & Ottomans.

IMPACT OF MUSLIM SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS: 1200-1400 This essay discusses how Muslim social and religious organizations contributed to stab... more

IMPACT OF MUSLIM SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS: 1200-1400 This essay discusses how Muslim social and religious organizations contributed to stability and/or change during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. A variety of such institutions played an important role in promoting the Islamicization of society which in general had a stabilizing effect by filling vacuums created by the turnover and militarization of political leadership and the destruction of traditional political, economic and cultural elites which occurred during these centuries. Some of the schismatic movements within Islam accelerated its fragmentation with different Muslim organizations contributing to the ascendancy of some Islamic sects over others and in some areas to a weakening of central authority.

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Compares & contrasts the Black Power movement in America with the black consciousness movement in South Africa. Discusses implications for blacks around the world.

The struggle of black people for freedom and empowerment has taken place in different parts of the world, with the various, movements connected in the... more

The struggle of black people for freedom and empowerment has taken place in different parts of the world, with the various, movements connected in their goals and often in underlying ideological commitments. The Black Power movement in the United States and the black consciousness movement in South Africa have similar roots in the drive for black nationalism extending back into the nineteenth century and are even more directly connected as influences on one another. Blacks in these widely different and distant countries developed a sense of unity as black people all struggling for the same basic goals of human dignity, freedom, and self-determination. An examination of the roots of these movements and of the beliefs, strategies, and goals of each will show how they were connected and how they influenced the development of the black struggle around the world.

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Ideology, relevance. Impact on Muslim countries. Use as diplomatic tool; military & political elements.

THE FIST OF ALLAH: ISLAM AS A DIPLOMATIC TOOL It is impossible to understate the relevance of Islam in the modern world. Boasting over one billion ... more

THE FIST OF ALLAH: ISLAM AS A DIPLOMATIC TOOL It is impossible to understate the relevance of Islam in the modern world. Boasting over one billion followers, Islam is among the planet’s most influential religions. For millennia, Muslim states have found Islam to be an entity which can cause divisiveness as surely as it can unity; as a weapon against non-believers, the Islamic faith has been instrumental in mobilizing the masses for armed conflict. And, the targets of these holy wars have not always been outside of the faith. Often throughout the course of history(and into the present day), Muslims have organized against other Muslims, as interfaith sects have found cause to oppose one another time and time again.

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Attitudes of Americans after 9/11. Examines a sample of ethnically diverse college students in November 2002 toward the attack, and the U.S. War on terrorism, political Islam, pre-emptive attacks on Iraq, Saddam Hussein, Afghanistan and policies implemented by President Bush. Results of study.

Major changes have taken place in the world since September 11, 2001. As many media analysts, scholars, and government officials have all commented, t... more

Major changes have taken place in the world since September 11, 2001. As many media analysts, scholars, and government officials have all commented, the terrorist attack on the seemingly invulnerable domestic territory of the United States has led the world to the brink of renewed war and the creation of a “War on Terror” that has already made its presence felt (Fuller, 2002). The purpose of this analysis is to examine the attitudes of a small sample of residents of this country (in November 2002, prior to the U.S. invasion of Iraq) toward the terrorist attack and the resulting decisions of the United States government to pursue the group responsible for the attack and to simultaneously challenge the Iraqi leader, Saddam Hussein, because of his suspected involvement in terrorist activities and the p

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The conflict between Islam, women's rights, and democracy is analyzed with several examples from different countries. Fundamentalist views and liberal views. Cultural values of Islam.

Democracy Islam and Women Both democracy and Islam are abstractions with vague definitions since each word has been applied to contradictory practices... more

Democracy Islam and Women Both democracy and Islam are abstractions with vague definitions since each word has been applied to contradictory practices When we speakof democracy do we mean ancient Athens the United States or Europe orIndia or Israel or Uzbekistan Let us grant that there are no puredemocracies and that when we use the word we are referring to tendencies Our critique of any given society depends on our analysis as to how far andin what way it is fulfilling the

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This paper examines several Islamic terms, then launches into a comparison and contrast of the pronouncements of two Sufi figures: Al-Hallaj and Sufi. Discusses the schism that resulted in Islam's being divided into three orientations.

IslamSection I A Mu'tazilis were a group that arose when a schism occurred around Caliph Ali resulting in Islam's being divided into three orientation... more

IslamSection I A Mu'tazilis were a group that arose when a schism occurred around Caliph Ali resulting in Islam's being divided into three orientations Mu'tazilis The Mu'tazilis were neutral neither for nor against Ali Mu'tazilis The Mu'tazilis had five basic principles tawhid or the unity of God cadl or divine justice al-wacd wa-l-wac d or promise and threat al-manzila bayna l-manzilatayn the position between the two extremes of Kharijis and Murji'is al-amru bil-macruuf wal-nahy cani l-munkar commanding the good and prohibiting the

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Describes views and activities of Malcolm X as part of the Civil Rigths Movement, emphasizing his call for separatism and his association with the Nation of Islam.

Malcolm X Civil Rights Leader and Rebel Along with Dr Martin Luther King Jr Malcolm X was one of the bestknown and most powerful and influential leade... more

Malcolm X Civil Rights Leader and Rebel Along with Dr Martin Luther King Jr Malcolm X was one of the bestknown and most powerful and influential leaders of the African-Americancommunity during the height of the Civil Rights movement in the s This essay will examine the views presented by this leader and the impactof Malcolm X's call for racial separatism as the only possible response tothe oppression and discrimination to which Blacks had been subjected inAmerica Malcolm X focused on protesting the