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Rise in Middle East & North Africa, politics, Shi'a v. Sunni schools, secular/religious unity, socioeconomics.

This research examines the rise of Islamic fundamentalism in the Middle East and North Africa. Islamic fundamentalism is a movement whose aim is to r... more

This research examines the rise of Islamic fundamentalism in the Middle East and North Africa. Islamic fundamentalism is a movement whose aim is to return Islamic society and religion to essential and traditional Islamic values, as those values are understood, interpreted, and enunciated by the adherents of Islamic fundamentalism (Sayeed, 1990, p. 4). In this context, Islamic fundamentalism is similar to Christian fundamentalism in the United States, Orthodox Judaism in Israel, and Hindu fundamentalism in India, as all these fundamentalist groups see themselves as the only true defenders of God against secular modernism (Lawrence, 1990, pp. 1306). The rise of Islamic fundamentalism in the contemporary world can be traced to the success of the Islamic Revolution in Iran (Hiro, 1990, p. 24). The Islamic Revolution in Iran occurred in

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Examines shift in civil rights movement from King's non-violence to more aggressive stands of Stokely Carmichael, Nation of Islam & Malcolm X.

The assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4, 1968, was a tragic blow, not only for the Civil Rights Movement, but for the rights movement o... more

The assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4, 1968, was a tragic blow, not only for the Civil Rights Movement, but for the rights movement of all lower class citizens in America. Dr. King, perhaps along with Bobby Kennedy, represented one of the few voices in 1968 America able to form any type of consensus among increasingly polarized groups in society. His death inaugurated a period of some of the worst race riots in American history. However, Dr. King's death did not signal the end of the Civil Rights Movement. The Movement had been splitting into factions several years before he was assassinated. The politics of confrontation, direct action, and Black Power had been gaining credence among many blacks as early as 1963. Dr. King recognized this shift in the Movement's dynamics, as well as a decline in his influence over the

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Explores the historical roles of Middle Eastern women & some of the current situations of women in the modern Middle East. Emphasizes the complexity of the situation, & the impact of politics, economics, & tradition.

Expansion of the Women's Role in the Middle East: Beginning the Process Introduction As Marnia Lazreg (1995) noted, women of the Middle East have ... more

Expansion of the Women's Role in the Middle East: Beginning the Process Introduction As Marnia Lazreg (1995) noted, women of the Middle East have been misunderstood by both Western men and Western women for over a century. In some instances their lives have been romanticized, in other instances condemned. But, as Islam and the Middle East itself has been poorly understood, the lives and thinking and aspirations of women in the Middle East has also been filtered through obscuring biases. The intention in this study is to explore both the historical role of Middle Eastern women and some of the current situations of women in the modern Middle East. As Marilyn Booth (1995)

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Resistence to economic globalization & Western ideas in Muslim nations: human rights, women's rights, secularism, technology. Islamic doctrine & dictates of the Koran & society. Cultural disparity between Muslim & Western states. Clash of ideologies. Issue of national sovereignty. Islamic fundamentalism. Terrorism.

MUSLIM NATIONS IN THE POST-MODERNIST WORLD: GLOBALIZATION OR DISSASOCIATION? The varying concepts and norms of the post-modernist world can be aligned... more

MUSLIM NATIONS IN THE POST-MODERNIST WORLD: GLOBALIZATION OR DISSASOCIATION? The varying concepts and norms of the post-modernist world can be aligned under one heading: globalization. More of an inevitability than a trend, globalization intends to integrate the economic, political, and cultural systems of the separate nation-states of the world in the most harmonious fashion possible. If the venture succeeds, many feel that humanity will enjoy an era of global prosperity and opportunity unlike any the planet has ever known. However, resistance to globalization is not at all uncommon in the modern context, and Muslim states have emphatically expressed concerns over the prospect of integration with Western culture. And surely, these concerns are not unfounded. Globalization ultimately m

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Examines impact of globalization. Dominance of international market by American capitalism. Conflict between Muslim conceptions and concepts of the U.S. and the West. Issue of identity and whether a society can be both modern and Muslim. Fundamentalist leaders and Western ideology. Issues of economics, gender, the media, terrorism. Challenge of finding common ground.

MUSLIM CHALLENGES IN THE POST-MODERNIST WORLD: CAN ISLAM GO GLOBAL? Our world, the adage goes, is shrinking. In the emerging configuration, the trend... more

MUSLIM CHALLENGES IN THE POST-MODERNIST WORLD: CAN ISLAM GO GLOBAL? Our world, the adage goes, is shrinking. In the emerging configuration, the trend of “globalization” -- fueled by new technologies and an ethic of free-trade -- continues to connect the nations of the world in unprecedented fashion. All over the planet, globalization is gathering momentum, as individual nations opt to trade in national sovereignty for economic integration into an international market, and individual citizens the world over grow increasingly more exposed to foreign ideas, values, and lifestyles. In this, cultural distinctions are susceptible to aggravation as the world globalizes; integration often leads to homogenization, and many fear that in a globalized world, independent cultures will not be able to withstand the barrage of so many fo

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Examines the topic question, Can nationalism be seen as a modern, secular form of religion, by looking at Middle East history and Egypt and Israel in particular. Finds that nationalism and religion are closely related, and not secularly inspired.

Nationalism as Secular Religion Introduction Can nationalism be seen as a modern secular form of religion Inorder to answer this question it is necess... more

Nationalism as Secular Religion Introduction Can nationalism be seen as a modern secular form of religion Inorder to answer this question it is necessary to understand the causes ofnationalism and its apparent resurgence in the last part of the twentiethcentury Nationalism contributed to violence in many areas of the worldduring the s and s including nations that were formerly part ofthe Soviet Union and in the Middle East The United States underwent asurge of nationalism following the attacks of September and Israel'spolitical

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Analysis of efforts Turkey made to gain acceptance into the European Union (EU), including advantages to the EU of accepting Turkey. Acceptance of Turkey based on the country havine stable institutions, respect for human rights, the rule of law, a functioning market economy and the ability to take on membership obligations.

Why Turkey Should Be Admitted to the European Union At a December summit in Copenhagen Denmark European Union EU or the Union officials announced that... more

Why Turkey Should Be Admitted to the European Union At a December summit in Copenhagen Denmark European Union EU or the Union officials announced that Turkey could begin membershipnegotiations in December if it met certain membership criteria aimedprimarily at liberalizing and strengthening the country's political andeconomic systems Specifically this Copenhagen criteria requires thatTurkey demonstrate it possesses and maintains stable institutionsgoverning democracy the rule of law respect for human rights andprotection of minorities a functioning market economy that can copewith competitive pressure and

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Definition and aspects of war including war and racism, war and Islam phobia or negative attitudes toward Muslims, war and religious dogmatism. War and terrorism, conventional war, global war, guerrilla war.

Literature Review War The following presents a review of the literature related to the topicof war The definition of war war and racism war and Islamp... more

Literature Review War The following presents a review of the literature related to the topicof war The definition of war war and racism war and Islamphobia ornegative attitudes toward Muslims and Islamic religion and war andreligious dogmatism are presented This is followed by a summary andconclusions War War is defined as the waging of armed conflict against an enemy alegal state created by a declaration of war or an attempt to end a problemsuch as in the war against drugs War can

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This paper discusses negatively biased media portrayal of Muslims and concludes with a call for improvement.

Muslim Media Portrayal The power of the media in the modern world is undeniable In the waythe media frames an issue or a people group it can shape cha... more

Muslim Media Portrayal The power of the media in the modern world is undeniable In the waythe media frames an issue or a people group it can shape changing publicopinion and the deep-seated beliefs of a culture Media bias is aperceived notion that certain press has and is pushing a viewpoint insteadof reporting news or airing programs in an objective way Ellis-Christensen n d Often there is an underlying objective behind mediabias as in the case of repeated assurances by media that

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Answers four questions about various aspects of African history. Provides definitions for 26 political science terms.

Examination Africa and Vocabulary DefinitionsQuestion The Berlin Conference was a major international meeting ofEuropean Great Powers convened in Berl... more

Examination Africa and Vocabulary DefinitionsQuestion The Berlin Conference was a major international meeting ofEuropean Great Powers convened in Berlin between November andNovember under the leadership of German Chancellor Otto vonBismarck Convened at the request of Portugal countries attended theconference which was intended to negotiate the questions regarding Africaand the European colonies on the continent and to end confusion andconflict over territorial domination At the time about percent ofAfrica remained under traditional and local control but the colonialambitions of the European Great Powers