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HITLER'S HOME FRONT PROGRAM.

Discusses how the Nazis kept the Germans loyal. Germany's economic problems following WWI, and a bankrupt Germany. How Hitler revitalized the German economy. Providing work for the unemployed. Use of propaganda that blamed the Jews and Communists for Germany's problems. Initiation of health and pension programs to ensure loyalty. Hitler Youth.

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HOW THE NAZIS KEPT THE GERMANS LOYAL
Money talks; and a bankrupt Germany looked for any and all reasons to get out from under the severe penalties that the Treaty of Versailles imposed on it. It was the early financing by German industrialists, most of whom were not merely angry at the terms of the 1919 Versailles Treaty, but saw their nation sink into severe Depression and high inflation, who backed Hitler from the very outset.
Some of the ‘influential industrial magnates’ were…Emil Kirdorf, the union-hating coal baron who presided over Treasury’. . . Fritz Thyssen, the head of the steel trust…Joining Thyssen was Albert Voegler, also a power in the United Steel Works. . . George von S industrialists and their firms, plus the major banks

Martin's Press. They now had money in theirpockets: "wages tended to rise above the minimum. Payne, R. Whatever decisions we took during those years, we prepared the ground by the incessant repetition of suitable slogans, until the party members believed every word of them (von Papen, 1953, p. . After the war officials of I.G. It was their money that turned things around. Only through victory, he emphasized, couldthose who had suffered losses hope to have them made good" (Beck, 1986, p.1). Even as the war turned against the Germans -- El Alamein, then thefall of North Africa, Stalingrad's disaster, the increased Allied bombingof Germany, the invasion of Italy -- Hitler still provided a confident tonefor the German people. 124). Hitler put people to work. (1994). HOW THE NAZIS KEPT THE GERMANS LOYAL Money talks; and a bankrupt Germany looked for any and all reasons toget out from under the severe penalties that the Treaty of Versaillesimposed on it. At the first Cabinet meeting, he (Goebbels) gave us a lecture on the art and science of propaganda, of which the gist was this: 'During the many years of party struggle, I have learnt how to influence the masses so that they will follow us without question. The invasionof the Soviet Union. Some of the 'influential industrial magnates' were...Emil Kirdorf, the union-hating coal baron who presided over Treasury'. What revitalized Germany? Of greatest importance was getting the minds and loyalty of Germany'syoung. Farben protested that they were never informed about the use to which the little dark blue pellets` were put (Payne, 1973, p. "A promise of 1,7 Reichsmarks per home to help in this construction came from the partywelfare agency" (Beck, 1986, p. "At the outset of the war there were more than eight million boysand girls in the Hitler Youth. One could never say anything that might be construed to be anti-Hitler. Of course, the earlier inflation and depressionwas blamed not on England and France, but on the Jewish bankers, and storeowners who (according to the Nazis) profited from the poor German people.The Reichsmark and anti-Semitism were perhaps the two leading reasons whyso many Germans, even if they did not join the Nazi Party, were loyalbelievers in Hitler as the leader who could bring them the respect of therest of the world. . Gallately, R. It was a political compromise by otherpoliticians who thought Hitler weak and not for long in power thataccelerated the eventual catastrophe. Farben began to be used (in the camps) instead of diesel fumes. Zyklon B, a prussic acid derivative made by I.G. (ed.) (1996): "Savage War" in Confronting the Nazi Past:New Debates on Modern German History, New York: St. Gallately (1996) also points out thatthe actual numbers of the Gestapo was small, who depended on ordinarycitizens to report problems. Can some new Hitler rise up?We need look to the Near East, and the inflammatory speeches and terroristactions of Osama bin Laden and the hatred against America and the West hefoments, and the rabid loyalty he commands to see that it is not out of therealm of possibility. It was not until the end of 1942 that. Thatwould mean doing business with a revitalized Germany once Hitler becameChancellor. . . He was, inthe eyes of many, the only possible savior of a bankrupt Germany. According to themVolksgemeinschaft became a reality amid the ruins of Germany's cities"(Kitchen, 1994, p. The Nazis attempted to use the Holocaust as a means of ending thebombing. Hitler appointed a brilliant strategist, Joseph Goebbels to theunheard of position of Minister of Propaganda. Martin's Press. Burleigh, M. George von S industrialists and their firms, plus the major banks, were financing the Nazi party. In the earlier mention of German pride at their economic successes,one also has to add that Western Europe helped create a Hitler myth ofpower and invincibility, when they permitted him to take the Rhineland, theSaar, Austria and the Sudetenland without a shot being fired. References Beck, E.R. Even if the German people began to doubt Hitler and the Nazis, thespies and surveillance systems were so all-pervasive that there could be noverbal dissent. "According to the recollections of many who once lived inNazi Germany, the effectiveness of the Gestapo and the surveillance systemrested on a numerically large police force and an 'army' of spies and paidinformers" (Gallately, 1996, p. A well-meaning suggestion from one of the many correspondents writing to Goebbels proposed sending Jews to England and the United States to carry the threat of liquidating 'the same millions' of Jews in the hands of the German army if the air war was not stopped (Beck, 1986, p. 5). Perhaps, of destruction for the concentration camps. (1973): The Life and Death of Adolf Hitler New York:Praeger Publishers. 289).In much the same means, Goebbels used propaganda daily, and incessantly to,as he explained it, "convince the entire German nation of the necessity forthe Government's economic and political measures" (von Papen, 1953, p.29 ). Was Hitler's home front campaign successful? In short, the firms who financed Hitler from the outset also were part of the Holocaust. . It is hard to see why itwouldn't be, given the climate of fear and intimidation. This was largely due tothe fact that workers worked longer hours and were thus paid overtime"(Kitchen, 1994, p. . Also, afterthe war, so many Germans denied knowing anything about the Holocaust orother Nazi atrocities, which kept them clinging to this feeling that theywere once again being persecuted by the victors. 93). (1953): Memoirs New York: E.P.Dutton Co. "The Nazis made much of the solidarity of the people inadversity as an example of their idea of community. To ensure the loyalty of the German Volk, the Nazis instituted ahealth benefits and a pension program. Von Papen, F. . 468). Perhaps, in addition to fear, and a uniting of the people in aracial hatred against Jews, gypsies, homosexuals, and Communists gave themsomething to unite them (even after the defeat of Germany anti-Semitismwas, and remains, strong in Germany). 5).Meanwhile, the Nazis developed what they called a "self-help program"whereby building materials would be made available to those Germans whowere willing and able to rebuild their homes. .The Hitler Youth had some practical tasksto do, such as painting the curbs white as a safety measure during theblackout and collecting metal and glass for recycling" (Kitchen, 1994, p.13 ). Nazi Germany At War London: Longman Publishing. "Again there was the promise of the rapid rebuildingof the cities after the war. The fact is thatthe Nazi party from its initial accession to power had used fear as a meansof controlling the populace. . . 1 3). Of course, Hitler was not elected Chancellorin 1933 by an overwhelming majority. One dared notcomplain. It is also an acknowledged fact that the Nazis created this feeling of"Ein Volk, Ein Reich" (One people, one nation) in the face of bombings andother defeats. Fritz Thyssen, the head of the steel trust...Joining Thyssen was Albert Voegler, also a power in the United Steel Works. The aim was to ensure that therewere enough doctors in rural areas" (Kitchen, 1994, p. . Some remained confident that somehowGermany would still win, even as Hitler lay dying in his bunker. "All Germans were to be registeredwith a doctor, and for this to be possible medical practices would have tobe organized and allotted by the state. There were international corporations throughout the world who sawHitler as a savior of an economic Germany, and they tended to look theother way when it came to his anti-Semitic and other hatreds. .cost the lives of between 25 and 3 million Sovietcitizens, well over half of whom were civilians" (Burleigh, 1996, p. 111). One thought remains: Can it happen again? It was the early financing by German industrialists, mostof whom were not merely angry at the terms of the 1919 Versailles Treaty,but saw their nation sink into severe Depression and high inflation, whobacked Hitler from the very outset. 125).It was this savagery translated into victory by the Germans over what theyconsidered an overwhelmingly larger force, that gave Germans a sense ofpride in their armies' achievements. Can one explain this as a "national trait"? (1986): Under the Bombs: The German Home Front LerxingtonKY: The University Press of Kentucky. As benevolent as this seems, "Between 1941 and 1945 the Third Reichconducted the most savage military campaign in modern history. Kitchen, M. The putting to work of the unemployed tobuild Volkswagens, autobahns, new warships, especially U-boats, airplanes,and other armaments. (1996) Surveillance and Disobedience: Aspects of thePolitical Policing of Nazi Germany New York: St. It was the Communists and the Jews who stood inGermany's way. There seems to be no single rationale whychildren informed on their parents, neighbors on neighbors, even sisters onbrothers, etc.

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